Assessment of the Density of Wood with Stem Decay of Norway Spruce Trees Using Drill Resistance

Vlad, Radu; Zhiyanski, Miglena; Dincă, Lucian; Sidor, Cristian Gheorghe; Constandache, Cristinel; Pei, Gheorghe; Ispravnic, Alexandra; Blaga, Tatiana

doi:10.7546/crabs.2018.11.09

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As a result of this damage, not only is the vascular cambium disrupted, but above all, the quality of the timber is compromised by secondary infestation with fungal pathogens and the development of stem rot. This is especially true for Norway spruce, whose value as merchantable timber decreases rapidly due to bark damage and subsequent decay [213][214][215][216][217]. In contrast, there is minimal knowledge of the effects and consequences of game-induced bark removal on silver fir.…”

Section: Threats and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.): Review of Ecological Insights, Forest Management Strategies, and Climate Change’s Impact on European Forests

Bledý,

Vacek,

Brabec

et al. 2024

Forests

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The silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is among the most valuable conifers in Europe for ecological and economic reasons. Throughout the course of history, primarily in the 20th century, its share in stands has been declining due to ill-suited management practices, especially clear-cut management, air pollution (SO2 and NOX emissions), and wildlife-induced damage. This literature review compiles findings from 338 scientific papers. It describes futures for silver fir and its distribution, ecological requirements, threats and diseases, seed production and nurseries, and forest management practices with emphasis on ongoing climate change. Based on recent knowledge of fir ecology and population dynamics, small-scale shelterwood and selection management have been introduced in fir stands, which have also stabilized them. Fir is an essential species for maintaining high stability and biodiversity, especially on planosols and in waterlogged habitats. Owing to its shade tolerance and environmental plasticity, it can coexist very well with many tree species in mixtures, which can increase the productive potential of stands within the natural range in Europe. The average stand volume of mature fir stands ranges from 237–657 m3 ha−1. For its successful natural regeneration, it is essential to reduce cloven-hoofed game and thus prevent bud browsing damage. The attractiveness of fir in terms of heavy browsing is the highest of all conifers (52% damage). On the other hand, fir is a species relatively resistant to bark stripping and the spread of secondary rot compared with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Under global climate change, fir is expected to shift to higher elevations with sufficient precipitation, while in the southern part of its natural range or at lower elevations, outside water-influenced habitats, it is likely to decline. Climate change is intricately linked to the heightened prevalence of forest pathogens with significant damage potential in Europe, necessitating careful consideration and strategic adaptation within management practices of fir forests.

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Section: Threats and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.): Review of Ecological Insights, Forest Management Strategies, and Climate Change’s Impact on European Forests

Bledý,

Vacek,

Brabec

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…Trees' annual radial increases and how they are influenced by climatic conditions, especially by air temperature and precipitation, have been the subject of numerous research studies [20][21][22][23]. Studies combining genetic and dendrochronological investigations have focused on the designation of valuable provenances, either for high radial growth or for better wood strength, expressed by the percentage of latewood, wood density, or other mechanical properties of wood (modulus of elasticity, resistance to torsion, bending, and shearing) [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variability and Differences in the Drought Response of Norway Spruce Pendula and Pyramidalis Half-Sib Families

Budeanu

Apostol

Besliu

et al. 2021

Forests

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In a changing climate, forest managers need to select productive and climate-change-resilient tree species and provenances. Therefore, assessing the growth response of provenances growing in field trials to climate provides useful information for identifying the more appropriate provenance or variety. To determine the genetic gain through selection of the most productive and resilient families and to decipher the role of crown forms of Norway spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), we used 24 families with a classical crown (pyramidalis) and 24 with a narrow crown (pendula) from eight provenances, growing in a 25-year-old comparative trial. The annual wood characteristics (ring width and early- and latewood), the wood resistance (expressed by latewood proportion (LWP)), and the growth response to climate of the two spruce crown forms were investigated. No significant differences between the two spruce forms were found regarding the ring width characteristics. However, three pendula families of Stâna de Vale I provenance exhibited the highest LWP and could be included in a future selection strategy, the respective trait having also high heritability. Radial growth was positively and significantly correlated with previous September and current July precipitation and negatively with current June temperature. Both spruce forms showed good recovery capacity after a drought event.

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“…By removing bark, the deer make the tree vulnerable to the fungal infestation, leading to the rotted wood [43,58,59]. The rot origination and spreading in relation to the production quality was investigated by several researchers, e.g., Vlad and Sidor [60] and Vlad [61]. The average stem volume loss due to fungal rot damages has been rising remarkably [62], and consequently this has increased the tremendous financial loss due to lower production quality [63,64].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afforested farmland vs. forestland: Effects of bark stripping by Cervus elaphus and climate on production potential and structure of Picea abies forests

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) effects of bark stripping and climatic factors on radial growth of Picea abies /L./ Karst., (2) production and structural differences between stands established on the forestland and abandoned farmland (afforested farmland–henceforth, farmland), and (3) interaction among the losses caused by ungulate damages, production, diversity, and soil types. Data acquired from four permanent research plots (PRPs) located on the forestland and eight PRPs on the farmland were used. A number of tree- and stand-level models, stand structural indices, tree-rings, and climate characteristics were analysed to evaluate the hypotheses. The results show significantly higher means of DBH, tree height and basal area on the forestland compared to those on the farmland. There was a larger mean standing stem volume on the forestland (466 m 3 ha –1 ) compared to farmland (770 m 3 ha –1 ). Significant difference was observed between the mean DBH and mean stem volume of healthy trees compared to those of the trees with substantial damage (girth damage >1/3 of stem circumference). A greater extent of the girth damage was found on 86% trees on the farmland, while 54% damage on the forestland. About 62% bark-strip damage was further deteriorated by rot infection on the farmland, while on the forestland such an infection was only for 39% trees. The precipitation significantly positively affected the radial growth of trees that were largely affected by ungulate damages on the farmland.

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Assessment of the Density of Wood with Stem Decay of Norway Spruce Trees Using Drill Resistance

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.): Review of Ecological Insights, Forest Management Strategies, and Climate Change’s Impact on European Forests

Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.): Review of Ecological Insights, Forest Management Strategies, and Climate Change’s Impact on European Forests

Phenotypic Variability and Differences in the Drought Response of Norway Spruce Pendula and Pyramidalis Half-Sib Families

Afforested farmland vs. forestland: Effects of bark stripping by Cervus elaphus and climate on production potential and structure of Picea abies forests

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