In order to conduct environmental monitoring, the concept of risk-based thinking should be introduced into the monitoring procedure of measurements (tests) and research. Risk-oriented thinking is the implementation of preventive rather than corrective actions to determine the points where a risk or nonconformity may occur, identify these risks, gradation of risks depending on the probability of occurrence and level of severity, and establish preventive measures for each risk and responsible persons. Thus, this article defines the gradations of risk in measurements (tests), studies during environmental monitoring using scales of probability and risk level. Based on the risk assessment methodology, a risk register was compiled with the definition of risk and its consequences, the establishment of the significance of risk, corrective and preventive actions, deadlines, responsible persons and marks of implementation.