“…Studies refer to assessment practices which are done for the client rather than with the client (Toros, 2012;Toros, 2019a), and children not deemed competent to be encouraged to participate (Lehtme & Toros, 2020;Toros, Falch-Eriksen & Wu, 2021). Furthermore, data indicate the use of deficitbased and authoritative approaches by workers, who may search for evidence of bad parenting rather than engage in the construction of a trusting relationship (Arbeiter & Toros, 2017;Lehtme & Toros, 2020;Toros, LaSala & Tiko, 2017;Toros & LaSala, 2018), resulting in little trust in Child Protective Services.…”