Assessment of the effect of urban pollution on surface water-groundwater system of Adi Ganga, a historical outlet of river Ganga

Ghosh, Soma; Majumder, Sohini; Roychowdhury, Tarit

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124507

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The conversion factor 2.5 for calcium ions and 4.11 for magnesium ions come from the fact that the total hardness in water is due to the presence of Ca & Mg hardness as CaCO 3 (molecular weight of CaCO 3 ¼100) contributed by both Ca and Mg hardness as CaCO 3 . Therefore, the concentration of Ca þþ and Mg þþ ions is calculated by dividing Ca hardness and Mg hardness by the factor 2.5 (i.e., molecular weight of CaCO 3 /molecular weight of Ca) and 4.11 (i.e., molecular weight of CaCO 3 / molecular weight of Mg) respectively (Ghosh et al 2019).…”

Section: Determination Of Ca þþ and Mg þþ Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies on water chemistry emphasizing on ions has been conducted globally for determining water quality and its controlling factors by (Sahoo et al 2019;Ayogu et al 2020;Liu et al 2020;Ogwueleka & Christopher 2020). Similarly in India, physicochemical studies of rivers have been conducted by several researchers (Sharma & Subramanian 2008;Gupta et al 2011;Ghosh et al 2019;Patel et al 2020). Recent studies on water quality of river Narmada have been carried by (Sharma et al 2013;Gupta et al 2017;Gupta et al 2020;Mishra & Kumar 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms controlling major ion chemistry and its suitability for irrigation of Narmada River, India

et al. 2021

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Surface water chemistry of the upper Narmada River was investigated at 13 different locations for 4 consecutive years (2017 to 2020) during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The main objective of the study was to identify the processes governing the water chemistry of Narmada River and evaluate its suitability for irrigation. The physical parameters estimated were; pH (7.9 ± 0.4 for pre- and 8 ± 0.4 for post-monsoon seasons), EC (322.8±93.3 μS/cm for pre- and 312.1±80.2 μS/cm for post-monsoon) and TDS (203.4±41.5 mg/L for pre-and 213.4±48 mg/L for post-monsoon). The obtained concentration of cations and anions were in the order of Ca++ > Na+ > Mg++> K+ and HCO3−> Cl−>SO4−> NO3−> PO4− respectively. Thus, the water of Narmada was found to be alkaline in nature. Piper diagram inferred that the water was dominated by Ca-Mg-HCO3− type of hydrochemical faces. Gibb's plot clarified that rock-water interaction regulates the ion chemistry of the Narmada. Various indices like sodium percentage (Na%), sodium absorption ration (SAR), Kelly index (Ki), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH) was calculated which showed that the surface water was suitable for irrigation. Lastly, one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) confirmed no significant differences in water quality except for temperature, EC and SO4−, for pre- and post-monsoon season.

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Section: Determination Of Ca þþ and Mg þþ Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms controlling major ion chemistry and its suitability for irrigation of Narmada River, India

et al. 2021

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“…Higher concentrations of Al and Fe are evident as dissolved toxic elements in all of the sampling stations of river Hooghly as Al and Fe are major constituents of the earth crust (Mitra et al 2018b). PTEs (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) might have sourced in river Hooghly from different industrial units comprising paper and pulp, iron and steel, thermal power plant, brick kiln, welding industries, and battery industries, which have been operating on both the banks of the river (Karar and Gupta 2006;Govil et al 2008;Ghosh et al 2016Ghosh et al , 2019bBakshi et al 2017Bakshi et al , 2019Mitra et al 2018b).…”

Section: Regulation Of Geospatial Distribution Of Ptesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

et al. 2021

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River Hooghly, a tributary of river Ganges is one of the major rivers of Asia having traditional, social, economic, religious, and spiritual values. Water samples were collected from 18 sampling locations of river Hooghly during summer (dry), monsoon (wet), and winter (cold) seasons. The samples are analysed for basic physicochemical properties and abundance of selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are measured. Several PTEs, e.g., Al, Fe, Ni, and Pb, were found to be above the permissible limits, prescribed by national and international guidelines for safe human consumption. The trend of variation in the mean PTE concentrations showed the following order: Cd < Pb < Co < Cr < Ni < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe. Due to the presence of high total dissolve solid (TDS) and PTE contents, the water quality of river Hooghly is not suitable for direct human consumption. The evaluated Water Quality Index (WQI) value showed a distinct spatio-temporal variation indicating very severe condition of water quality, which is deteriorating gradually from upstream to downstream. In summer, monsoon, and winter, the highest WQI values were observed in Maushuni Island (S15), Petuaghat (S18), and Tapoban (S17), respectively. However, the non-carcinogenic human health risk in terms of Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index values of PTEs indicates no immediate adverse impact on human health due to exposure of PTE contaminated water from river Hooghly through ingestion or dermal route. Though, these risk values for children were higher than adults warranting the adoption of a long-term management plan to cope with potential human health risks. The result suggests implementation of a combination of stringent socio-legal regulations and numerical models for sustainable water related health risk management in river Hooghly.

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“…2019a). The elevated alkalinity of river Hooghly was found to be twice or higher of the permissible limit which indicate the prevalence of bicarbonates (Ghosh et al 2019a). Irrespective of the sampling station and seasons, water of river Hooghly is found to be very hard (BIS 2012) and due to high TDS, it is not t for direct human consumption without treatment (WHO 2004(WHO , 2008(WHO , 2011.…”

Section: Regulation Of Physicochemical Parameters Of River Hooghlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

Ghosh

Bakshi

Mahanty

et al. 2021

Preprint

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River Hooghly, an offshoot of river Ganges is one of the major rivers of Asia having traditional, social, economic, religious and spiritual values. Water samples were collected from eighteen sampling locations of river Hooghly during summer, monsoon, and winter season, and analysed for basic physico-chemical properties and selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Several PTEs such as Al, Fe, Ni and Pb were above the permissible limits, prescribed by national and international guidelines. The trend of variation in the mean PTE concentrations showed the following order: Cd < Pb < Co < Cr < Ni < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe. Due to the presence of high total dissolve solid (TDS) and PTE contents, the water quality of river Hooghly is not suitable for direct human consumption. The evaluated Water Quality Index (WQI) value showed a distinct spatio-temporal variation indicating very severe condition of water quality, which is deteriorating gradually from upstream to downstream. In summer, monsoon and winter, the highest WQI values were observed in Maushuni Island (S15), Petuaghat (S18) and Tapoban (S17) respectively. However, the non-carcinogenic human health risk in terms of Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index values of PTEs indicates no immediate adverse impact on human health due to exposure of PTE contaminated water from river Hooghly through ingestion or dermal route. Though these risk values for children were higher than adults warranting the adoption of a long-term management plan to cope with potential human health risks. The result suggests implementation of a combination of stringent socio-legal regulations and software based models for sustainable water related health risk management in river Hooghly.

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Assessment of the effect of urban pollution on surface water-groundwater system of Adi Ganga, a historical outlet of river Ganga

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Mechanisms controlling major ion chemistry and its suitability for irrigation of Narmada River, India

Mechanisms controlling major ion chemistry and its suitability for irrigation of Narmada River, India

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

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