Assessment of the Effectiveness of Secondary Wastewater Treatment Technologies to Remove Trace Chemicals of Emerging Concern

Rojas, Mario R.; Leung, Cary; Bonk, Fabian; Zhu, Yan; Edwards, Leah; Arnold, Robert G.; Sáez, A. Eduardo; Klečka, Gary M.

doi:10.1080/10643389.2011.644221

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…BioWin simulations) to estimate overall fate of TOrCs during conventional wastewater treatment is not absolutely reliable, which confirms observations reported previously (Rojas et al, 2013, and references therein).…”

Section: A6 Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Compound-specific characteristics are presented in (2011). c pKa data from Rojas et al (2013). d pKa data from Petrović and Barceló (2007).…”

Section: A21 Torc Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process-dependent removals of 42 prominent TOrCs including PPCPs, alkylphenols, pesticides, plasticizers, and others during conventional wastewater treatment were statistically analyzed by Rojas et al (2013). Hydrophobicity and biodegradability (as quantified by BioWin models and laboratory-scale experiments)…”

Section: Chapter 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Engineered and Natural Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Removal of Trace Organics in Water Reuse

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Environ. Eng.

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Section: A6 Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Compound-specific characteristics are presented in (2011). c pKa data from Rojas et al (2013). d pKa data from Petrović and Barceló (2007).…”

Section: A21 Torc Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effectiveness of Engineered and Natural Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Removal of Trace Organics in Water Reuse

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Environ. Eng.

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“…B 369: 20130586 quite effectively removed during treatment. Rojas et al [71] found that while some of the APIs (such as acetaminophen and caffeine) are very susceptible to removal during treatment (near 100%), others (e.g. carbamazepine and diclofenac) are generally poorly removed (less than 50%).…”

Section: (I) Urbanization and Sewer Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Kookana

Williams

Boxall

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

140

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can enter the natural environment during manufacture, use and/or disposal, and consequently public concern about their potential adverse impacts in the environment is growing. Despite the bulk of the human population living in Asia and Africa (mostly in low- or middle-income countries), limited work relating to research, development and regulations on APIs in the environment have so far been conducted in these regions. Also, the API manufacturing sector is gradually shifting to countries with lower production costs. This paper focuses mainly on APIs for human consumption and highlights key differences between the low-, middle- and high-income countries, covering factors such as population and demographics, manufacture, prescriptions, treatment, disposal and reuse of waste and wastewater. The striking differences in populations (both human and animal), urbanization, sewer connectivity and other factors have revealed that the environmental compartments receiving the bulk of API residues differ markedly between low- and high-income countries. High sewer connectivity in developed countries allows capture and treatment of the waste stream (point-source). However, in many low- or middle-income countries, sewerage connectivity is generally low and in some areas waste is collected predominantly in septic systems. Consequently, the diffuse-source impact, such as on groundwater from leaking septic systems or on land due to disposal of raw sewage or septage, may be of greater concern. A screening level assessment of potential burdens of APIs in urban and rural environments of countries representing low- and middle-income as well as high-income has been made. Implications for ecological risks of APIs used by humans in lower income countries are discussed.

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“…considered to be protective [2] are sometimes exceeded in effluents and waters downstream [9,10], and could affect the sustainability of resident fish populations [11]. It is possible that declines in fish populations (such as in [11]) lead to indirect changes in other taxa through trophic cascades, and this is the main focus of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect responses of a freshwater food web to a potent synthetic oestrogen

Kidd

Paterson

Rennie

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

159

143

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in municipal effluents directly affect the sexual development and reproductive success of fishes, but indirect effects on invertebrate prey or fish predators through reduced predation or prey availability, respectively, are unknown. At the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada, a long-term, whole-lake experiment was conducted using a before-after-control-impact design to determine both direct and indirect effects of the synthetic oestrogen used in the birth control pill, 17α-ethynyloestradiol (EE2). Algal, microbial, zooplankton and benthic invertebrate communities showed no declines in abundance during three summers of EE2 additions (5–6 ng l −1 ), indicating no direct toxic effects. Recruitment of fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) failed, leading to a near-extirpation of this species both 2 years during (young-of-year, YOY) and 2 years following (adults and YOY) EE2 additions. Body condition of male lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) and male and female white sucker ( Catostomus commersonii ) declined before changes in prey abundance, suggesting direct effects of EE2 on this endpoint. Evidence of indirect effects of EE2 was also observed. Increases in zooplankton, Chaoborus , and emerging insects were observed after 2 or 3 years of EE2 additions, strongly suggesting indirect effects mediated through the reduced abundance of several small-bodied fishes. Biomass of top predator lake trout declined by 23–42% during and after EE2 additions, most probably an indirect effect from the loss of its prey species, the fathead minnow and slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ). Our results demonstrate that small-scale studies focusing solely on direct effects are likely to underestimate the true environmental impacts of oestrogens in municipal wastewaters and provide further evidence of the value of whole-ecosystem experiments for understanding indirect effects of EDCs and other aquatic stressors.

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Assessment of the Effectiveness of Secondary Wastewater Treatment Technologies to Remove Trace Chemicals of Emerging Concern

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Effectiveness of Engineered and Natural Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Removal of Trace Organics in Water Reuse

Effectiveness of Engineered and Natural Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Removal of Trace Organics in Water Reuse

Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries

Direct and indirect responses of a freshwater food web to a potent synthetic oestrogen

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