Assessment of the effects of the Japanese shift to lead-free solders and its impact on material substitution and environmental emissions by a dynamic material flow analysis

Fuse, Masaaki; Tsunemi, Kiyotaka

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.017

Cited by 8 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For the actual situation resulting from implementation of the RoHS, material flows associated with the shift to lead-free solders in Japan (obtained from our previous study) were used. 8 However, new estimations for the hypothetical situation existing in the absence of the RoHS were also needed. In addition to counterfactual thinking, there are ways to compare the situation before and after the implementation of a regulation, or to compare a regulated country with a non regulatied country.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substantial amounts of lead remain in existing stock, due to long product lifespan. 8 This means that the assessment of RoHS impacts requires a long time-scale, in order to accurately understand the phase-out of lead in society over 10 years.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Our previous study focused on Japan, the world's leading producer of electronics, and indicated a shift to lead-free solders in the country, through the use of material flow analysis (MFA). 8 Such a shift to lead-free solders in Japan provides an evidence for the existence of cross-border impacts resulting from the RoHS. However, the extent of cross-border impacts remains unknown, because our previous MFA quantified only current lifecycle flows for solder-containing metals in Japan from 2000 to 2010.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Border Impacts of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances: A Perspective Based on Japanese Solders

Fuse

Tsunemi

2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Despite the relevance of the global economy, Regulatory Impact Assessments of the restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) in the European Union (EU) are based only on domestic impacts. This paper explores the cross-border environmental impacts of the RoHS by focusing on the shifts to lead-free solders in Japan, which exports many electronics to the EU. The regulatory impacts are quantified by integrating a material flow analysis for metals constituting a solder with a scenario analysis with and without the RoHS. The results indicate that the EU regulation, the RoHS, has triggered shifts in Japan to lead-free solders, not only for electronics subject to this regulation, but for other products as well. We also find that the RoHS leads to a slow reduction in environmental emissions of the target, lead, but results in a rapid increase in the use of tin and silver in lead-free solders. This indicates the importance of assessing potential alternative substances, the use of which may increase as a result of adhering to the RoHS. The latter constitutes a negative impact because of recent concerns regarding resource criticality.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Border Impacts of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances: A Perspective Based on Japanese Solders

Fuse

Tsunemi

2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Improvement of material mobility in transport between stands B3 and B4 has been proposed. Thanks to the use of containers in which a larger number of elements could be placed, three additional transport cycles can be eliminated (cycles 10,11,12). Additional utilization of a forklift truck will allow for reduction of men's working time in transport cycles.…”

Section: Analysis Of Materials Flow Distance and Quantitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Material flow optimization – a case study in automotive industry

Królczyk

Legutko

et al. 2015

Teh. vjesn.

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Original scientific paper Today, most contemporary organisations are facing many dilemmas, the essence of which is the determination of the ways of acquisition or maintenance of their position in the competitive environment. Companies have to continuously increase their economy. One of the ways to get competitive prevalence is analysis and optimization of material flow which contributes to the reduction of the company costs. Material flow in a production organization tells us a lot about how well the system is organised. The paper presents an analysis of the current state of material flow in a production company of the automotive branch. A project of the material flow optimization has also been proposed; the project consists of creation of a program of internal transport and optimization of the location of the working stands. The paper describes the current problems of the company internal transport and indicates solutions to those problems. Keywords: automotive industry; company logistics; material flow analysis; optimization; program of internal transport Optimizacija toka materijala -analiza slučaja u industriji motornih vozilaIzvorni znanstveni članak Danas je većina organizacija suočena s mnogim dilemama, bit kojih je određivanje načina postizanja ili održavanja stečenog položaja u konkurentnom okruženju. Poduzeća moraju neprestano povećavati svoju ekonomiju. Jedan od načina stjecanja nadmoći nad konkurencijom je analiza i optimizacija toka materijala, što doprinosi smanjenju troškova. Tok materijala u proizvodnoj organizaciji govori nam mnogo o organizaciji sustava. U radu se daje analiza postojećeg stanja toka materijala u jednoj proizvodnoj organizaciji motornih vozila. Predlaže se i projekt optimizacije toka materijala; projekt se sastoji od novog programa internog prijevoza i optimizacije položaja radnih štandova. U radu se opisuju postojeći problemi u internom prijevozu poduzeća i daju rješenja tih problema.

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“…They also used SFA to demonstrate that non-intentional flows of lead originating from mixed primary resource applications such as the production of zinc are larger than those originating from the waste streams of intentional applications of lead [11]. Fuse et al [12] showed the impact of this by shifting to lead-free solders in Japan using dynamic material flow analysis. Although there have been some studies focused on the SFA of lead or on the elemental analysis of lead content in ASR, which will be mentioned later, few studies have applied dynamic SFA to lead contained in…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic flow analysis of current and future end-of-life vehicles generation and lead content in automobile shredder residue

Yano

Hirai

Okamoto³

et al. 2013

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Since End-of-life vehicles (ELVs) contain toxic substances, they have to be treated properly. The purpose of this study was to obtain useful information for ELVs management from the viewpoint of toxicity. We focused on lead as a representative toxic substance contained in vehicles and investigated the dynamic substance flow of lead contained in ELVs and its content in automobile shredder residue (ASR). A population balance model was used to estimate the number of ELVs generated between FY (fiscal year) 1990-2020, employing a Weibull distribution for the lifespan distribution. 16 lead-containing components of the vehicle were considered. It was estimated that the annual number of ELVs generated would be 2.9 million as of FY2020. The results implied it is hard to remove Pb completely. This is because 5,000-11,000 t-Pb will still remain in vehicles in use in FY2020 even though most components in new model vehicles could be replaced by lead-free

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Assessment of the effects of the Japanese shift to lead-free solders and its impact on material substitution and environmental emissions by a dynamic material flow analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Cross-Border Impacts of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances: A Perspective Based on Japanese Solders

Cross-Border Impacts of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances: A Perspective Based on Japanese Solders

Material flow optimization – a case study in automotive industry

Dynamic flow analysis of current and future end-of-life vehicles generation and lead content in automobile shredder residue

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