Assessment of the Efficacy of Low-Density Pedicle Screw Construction Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Prospective Single-Center Study

Abstract

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) poses physical and psychological challenges for affected individuals, necessitating effective and less invasive treatment approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-density posterior pedicle screw fixation in AIS correction, exploring its impact on deformity parameters, patient quality of life, and potential complications. Methodology A prospective study involving 20 AIS patients, employing low-density pedicle screw fixation, was conducted. Clinical, radiological, and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) outcomes were assessed. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Significant reductions in major and minor curve Cobb angles were observed (mean major curve reduction: 79.14%, p < 0.001; mean minor curve reduction: 68.91%, p < 0.001), indicating substantial deformity correction. As measured by the SRS-22 questionnaire, quality of life showed noteworthy improvements (mean pain score increase: 0.54, p < 0.05; mean self-image score increase: 1.22, p < 0.01), reflecting enhanced patient satisfaction and well-being. Complications were documented in four (20%) cases, including infection, adding-on phenomenon, proximal junctional kyphosis, and thoracic hypokyphosis. Conclusions Our study highlights the efficacy of low-density pedicle screw constructs in AIS correction. Significant deformity reductions and improved quality of life underscore the success of the approach. However, long-term studies with larger cohorts are crucial for confirming durability.