Assessment of the environmental kuznets curve within EU-27: Steps toward environmental sustainability (1990–2019)

Mohammed, Safwan; Gill, Abid Rashid; Ghosal, Kaushik; Al-Dalahmeh, Main; Alsafadi, Karam; Szabó, Szilárd; Oláh, Judit; Alkerdi, Ali; Ocwa, Akasairi; Harsanyi, Endre

doi:10.1016/j.ese.2023.100312

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Higher income and members of households in Iran’s provinces, the higher the CO 2 emissions like 35 , 36 , 89 found. Meanwhile is contrary to 39 . An increase of one person in household size will cause an increase of 0.11% in household CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Certain factor pairs, such as capital-petroleum and capital-electricity, exhibit strong substitutability, driving capital growth and production. Investment scenarios suggest substantial CO 2 emission reductions, with implications for energy conservation policies, particularly within the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor context 39 . In the context of global environmental economics and economic development, addressing environmental pollution is a critical objective.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driving factors of energy related CO2 emissions at a regional level in the residential sector of Iran

Ata,

Pakrooh,

Pénzes

2023

Sci Rep

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Iran has increased its CO2 emissions significantly during the past few decades. The household sector in Iran contributes one of the largest sectors of CO2 emissions. Despite this significant contribution, the existing policies have predominantly concentrated on large-scale initiatives while overlooking the regional role in shaping and implementing these plans. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions and the efficient factors in three major groups including energy, climate, and household socio-economic factors. This study aims to address regional carbon emissions and develop CO2 reduction policies tailored to each region's specific circumstances. It focuses on planning strategies at the regional level to effectively tackle CO2 emissions. Household panel data of 28 provinces of Iran are employed by using both static and dynamic panel models for the years 2001 to 2019. Static estimation includes Fixed Effect (FE), Random Effect (RE) and pooled Partial least squares (PLS), Dynamic estimation includes difference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The empirical result of the static method showed positive dependence of household CO2 emissions on Heating Degree Days (HDD), Cooling Degree Days (CDD), precipitation level, oil consumption, gas consumption, household income, size of household, and also building stocks. In more detail, educational rate, dummy variable (removal of energy subsidy), and oil price reveal the greatest negative impact on the emissions with elasticities of − 0.428, − 0.31, and − 0.15; It represents 1% increase causes − 0.428, − 0.31, − 0.15, decrease CO2 emissions, respectively. however, household size, gas consumption, and oil consumption show the most significant positive effects on CO2 emissions with 1 percent increase causes CO2 emissions increases by 0.1, 0.044, and 0.026, respectively. Regarding the impact of climate factors, a 1% increase in Heating Degree Days, Cooling Degree Days, and precipitation level causes CO2 emissions increase by 0.024%, 0.004%, and 0.011% respectively, due to an increase in fossil energy demand. Results of the dynamic method of the system Generalized Method of Moments are similar to the static estimation results, except for that household size and urbanization are not significant. Also, removing the energy subsidy for fossil fuels due to substantial subsidy in fossil fuels in Iran or implementing a re-pricing energy policy can be a beneficial way to control carbon emissions from households within the provinces of the country. However, it is important to consider that this shift could potentially transfer subsidies to investments in the private sector for renewable energies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving factors of energy related CO2 emissions at a regional level in the residential sector of Iran

Ata,

Pakrooh,

Pénzes

2023

Sci Rep

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“…This is to help implement the optimal acts related to energy to face the environmental issues in the correct way. The relationship between pollution and economic growth is evaluated by examining Kuznets' theory and its potential refutation (Mohammed et al, 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Growth on Environmental Pollution: Using Second-Generation Panel Techniques

Aouini,

Beggat,

Mahlous

2023

Economics and Business

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This study examines the impact of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and environmental stringency on environmental pollution within the framework of testing the environmental Kuznets hypothesis for 34 African countries during the period from 1990 to 2020 using second-generation panel estimation techniques. To ensure the stability of the variables, the study applied smoothing of the slopes, CADF, and CIPS unit root tests, and the Westerlund co-integration test to confirm the existence of a long-term balanced relationship between the variables based on the results obtained from the CCEMG model estimates of jointly correlated effects. The study confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in African countries, with the results indicating a relationship between growth and pollution in the form of an inverted “N”. Furthermore, it was found that the consumption of renewable energy reduced carbon dioxide emissions.

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CSR from different perspectives: The global ESG indexes updated

Jiang,

Feng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Corp Soc Responsibility Env

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The prevailing environmental, social and governance (ESG) framework is currently based on micro‐ESG indicators. Research on national ESG is often limited to theory building and policy analysis. Based on previous scholars, this paper constructs a national ESG index framework consisting of 39 indices and updates the national ESG indices for 121 countries worldwide from 1990 to 2021 using the entropy weight method, aiming to provide a set of instrumental indices that capture the status and evolution of national ESG performance. The research findings are as follows: First, the Gini coefficient shows that the gap between national ESG performance has gradually widened over time. Second, the kernel density distribution suggests that global ESG performance is on the rise. High‐income countries are placing greater emphasis on ESG growth. Third, the results of the Markov transformation matrix suggest that there is a “club convergence” in ESG performance across countries.

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Assessment of the environmental kuznets curve within EU-27: Steps toward environmental sustainability (1990–2019)

Cited by 10 publications

References 83 publications

Driving factors of energy related CO2 emissions at a regional level in the residential sector of Iran

Driving factors of energy related CO2 emissions at a regional level in the residential sector of Iran

The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Growth on Environmental Pollution: Using Second-Generation Panel Techniques

CSR from different perspectives: The global ESG indexes updated

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