Assessment of the Factors Involving in the Development of Hypothyroidism in HIV-infected Patients: A Case-Control Study

Afhami, Shirin; Haghpanah, Vahid; Heshmat, Ramin; Rasoulinejad, Mehrnaz; Izadi, Mohammad; Lashkari, Ali; Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad; Hajiabdolbaghi, Mahboubeh; Mohraz, Minoo; Larijani, Bagher

doi:10.1007/s15010-007-6163-3

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For these reasons, non-thyroid sick syndrome and potential pituitary dysfunction should be included as part of the differential diagnosis in these patients. The possibility that different conditions, unrelated to primary thyroid disease, are cause of laboratorial abnormalities in thyroid hormone dosages was corroborated by other studies that did not find associations between thyroid diseases and HIV infection (9)(10)(11). Despite some evidence of this association, the precise mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases in HIV-infected subjects remains undefined (12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…was unable to demonstrate associations between hypothyroidism and HAART, mean CD4+ T cell counts, or the duration of HIV infection (10). In this latter study, 85 subjects were evaluated including 15 hypothyroid cases and 70 euthyroid HIV-infected patients that served as controls (10). Despite these related studies that demonstrated negative associations between HAART therapy and thyroid diseases, other studies have found correlations between thyroid disease and HIV infection (8,9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, a case control study carried out by Afhami and cols. was unable to demonstrate associations between hypothyroidism and HAART, mean CD4+ T cell counts, or the duration of HIV infection (10). In this latter study, 85 subjects were evaluated including 15 hypothyroid cases and 70 euthyroid HIV-infected patients that served as controls (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women

Carvalho

Teixeira

Panico

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the main causes of thyroid dysfunction and the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. An association between AITD and infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in combination with the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has been suggested by several research groups. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and AITD in women > 35 years of age infected with HIV, and to identify factors associated with the emergence of these thyroid abnormalities. HIV-infected women (n = 153) selected from the infectious disease outpatient clinic at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro were characterized based on their circulating CD4 + lymphocytes levels, viral loads, serum TSH levels, and the presence of FT4 and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab). A total of 129 participants were on HAART and 24 were not. The frequency of thyroid disorders was 7.8% (12/153 patients) and all were on HAART at the time of diagnosis, yielding a prevalence of 9.3% in patients receiving HAART compared with 0% in patients not on HAART. AITD, hyper, and hypothyroidism were detected in 4.6%, 3.1%, and 4.1% of HAART patients. It was not detected any thyroid dysfunction or autoimmunity in HIVinfected women not on HAART. This study demonstrated an association between HAART and the development of AITD. In addition AITD only developed in HAART patients also presenting with undetectable viral loads and slightly elevated CD4 + T cell counts. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(6):450-6Keywords Autoimmune thyroid disease; thyroid dysfunction; hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; HIV; anti-retroviral therapy; immunity RESUMO Doenças tiroidianas autoimunes (DTAI) são a maior causa de disfunção tiroidiana e são as doenças autoimunes mais comuns no mundo. A associação entre DTAI e infecções com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), em combinação com a terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa (HAART), foi sugerida por vários grupos de pesquisadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a frequência de disfunção tiroidiana e DTAI em mulheres com mais 35 anos de idade infectadas com o HIV e identificar fatores associados com a emergência dessas anormalidades tiroidianas. As mulheres infectadas com HIV (n = 153), selecionadas do ambulatório de doenças infecciosas de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro, foram caracterizadas com base no nível de linfócitos CD4 + circulantes, carga viral, níveis de TSH sérico e presença de anticorpos FT4 e antitiroperoxidase (TPO-Ab). Um total de 129 participantes se tratava com HAART e 24 não. A frequência de desordens da tiroide foi 7,8% (12/153 pacientes) e todas estavam em tratamento com HAART no momento do diagnóstico, levando a uma prevalência 9,3% em pacientes recebendo HAART, em comparação com 0% em pacientes não tratadas com HAART. DTAI, hipertireoidismo e hipotireoidismo foram detectados em 4,6%, 3,1% e 4,1% das pacientes tratadas com HAART. Não foram detectadas disfunção tiroidiana ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women

Carvalho

Teixeira

Panico

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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“…Numerous studies dating as far back as the 1980's and 1990's in HIV+ patient cohorts have addressed possible links among HIV infection, SA and abnormal thyroid hormone levels (LoPresti et al, 1989; Lambert et al, 1990; Brown et al, 1991; Dhopesh et al, 1991; Wilson et al, 1996; Vescovi and Pezzarossa, 1999). Recent studies continue to ask the same questions, and include injection drug abuse and HAART as additional potential contributors to abnormal thyroid levels (Calza et al, 2002; Koutkia et al, 2002; Beltran et al, 2003; Collazos et al, 2003; Quirino et al, 2004; Bongiovanni et al, 2006; Ketsamathi et al, 2006; Madeddu et al, 2006; Afhami et al, 2007; Madge et al, 2007; Wiener et al, 2008). In fact, underlying subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with cocaine withdrawal in addicts (Vescovi and Pezzarossa, 1999).…”

Section: Discussion and Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of HIV infection in the hypothalamus and substance abuse/use to HPT dysregulation

Langford

Baron

Joy

et al. 2011

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Over the last two decades, consequences of HIV infection of the CNS on disease severity and clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations have changed. These changes are due, in part, to improved control of peripheral infection by new anti-retroviral medications and more efficient CNS penetration of combination anti-retroviral therapies (cART). While the life spans of HIVinfected patients have been prolonged with successful cART, the spectrum of cognitive alterations observed in these patients has broadened. Recent studies report that there does not appear to be a single prototypical pattern of neuropsychological impairment associated with HIV, but rather it includes diverse manifestations. Some co-morbidities such as substance abuse or depression, likely play significant roles in the neuropsychiatric profiles of some HIV-infected patients. Newly recognized factors contributing to neurocognitive impairments include ageing and unanticipated side effects from cART. Likewise, disturbances in neuroendocrine functioning are emerging as potentially important contributors to HIV-associated neurocognitive alterations. A retrospective review of clinical data from a small cohort of HIV-infected patients admitted to the psychiatric unit of an inner city hospital indicates that thyroid stimulating hormone levels were abnormal in 27% of the patients. Our data from analyses of post-mortem tissues from HIV patients show for the first time HIV infection of the hypothalamus and altered levels of thyroid hormone processing enzymes. Decreased vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity in hypothalamic neurons was also observed. Thus, HIV infection of the CNS may contribute to changes in hypothalamic hormone signaling, thereby resulting in abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis feedback and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.

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“…Стандартно фиксируется высокий уровень ТТГ и низкий -тироксина (Т 4 ), анемия, гиперпролактинемия, повышение концентрации холестерина, липопротеидов низкой плотности. Гипотиреоз у данного контингента чаще всего развивался при аутоиммунном воспалении щитовидной железы, однако известны единичные случаи развития гипофункции щитовидной железы на фоне тиреоидита Хашимото и лечения противовирусными препаратами [12,13]. У ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц с гемоконтактным вирусным гепатитом С в ряде литературных источников описывается преимущественное выявление аутоиммунного тиреоидита с циркулирующими антителами к тиреопероксидазе или к тиреоглобулину [14,15].…”

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Features of the Functioning of the Thyroid Gland in Hiv-Infected

Timofeeva

Лещенко

2013

Annals RAMS

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In the article the current literature, devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the thyroid gland in patients with HIV infection, is analyzed. Based on the analysis of literature data bases demonstrated the structure of thyroid function disorders in HIV-infected, as well as the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders. In the structure of thyroid function is dominated by hypothyroidism, euthyroid pathological syndrome, Graves' disease, for which the opportunistic infections are triggers immune activation. It should be noted that the step of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is accompanied by the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland. Convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive for the development of thyroid dysfunction, in connection which the expediency of forming risk groups and the timely correction of the projected thyroid diseases.

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Assessment of the Factors Involving in the Development of Hypothyroidism in HIV-infected Patients: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women

Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women

Contributions of HIV infection in the hypothalamus and substance abuse/use to HPT dysregulation

Features of the Functioning of the Thyroid Gland in Hiv-Infected

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