Assessment of the Financial Sustainability of External Debt in Iraq: an Econometric Analysis

Purpose: The article studies the factors affecting the development of green banking in Vietnam. Based on the research results, the authors proposed policy implications that contribute to the development of green banking in Vietnam. Theoretical framework: The article studies the factors affecting the development of green banking in Vietnam. Based on the research results, the authors proposed policy implications that contribute to the development of green banking in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: To survey the level of understanding of bank managers on issues related to green banking, green banking development, and the level of knowledge of officers and employees about green banking development areas, The authors used qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative research was carried out from January to February 2023. The authors used structural equation model analysis to test the fit of models with SPSS 20.0 and Amos. Findings: Quantitative and qualitative indicators have been introduced to measure the development of green banking and the economy. The factor of banking technology has the most substantial impact on the development of green banking and the economy. This is a new research paper finding in the context of the banking industry's digital transformation. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study also shows that green banking development depends on financial capacity, supporting policies, legal framework, and state regulations. In addition, the study has included the factors of green banking development affecting the green economy from different approaches and analytical methods to evaluate. Originality/value: Developing green banks not only brings profits but also helps banks increase their prestige, reputation, and value. In addition, the development of green banking associated with the green economy is not only a form but will become the core value of the bank, recognized and appreciated in the trend of integration and sustainable development.

Section: Environmental Policy (Mt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Implications for Green Banking Development in Vietnam

Bang,

Hang,

Dao

2023

“…7. On 3/3/2022, the Iraq accession team met with representatives of the Ministry of Trade electronically to discuss the issue of documentation and the possibility for Iraq to submit the necessary documents to resume negotiations, while the OIC General Secretariat continued to coordinate with the International Trade Center (ITC), which implements the European Union project to strengthen the agriculture and food value chain, improve trade policy in Iraq, and support the Iraqi government in its efforts to reactivate the accession process (Al-Obaidi & Almashhadani, 2022).…”

Section: B Commodity Filesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iraq’s Accession to the Wto and the Possible Economic Effects

Almashhadani¹

2023

Purpose: The paper aims to explore the possible economic effects of Iraq's accession to the World Trade Organization. Theoretical framework: The World Trade Organization occupies an important position among the international economic organizations as it is concerned with international trade, and it adopts the achievement of smooth and smooth trade exchange in light of the liberalization of trade and the reduction of obstacles to its launch across borders, and based on this role, the accession of countries to this organization bears the responsibility of adhering to its laws and decisions in order to maximize the momentum of exchanges Trade between member states, and since agricultural and industrial products constitute an important aspect of international trade and occupy a great place in the interests of the organization and its rules of work, and therefore the accession of Iraq to this organization has become a necessity despite what will result in many positive or negative effects, so Iraq cannot remain isolated from International consensus, and this is what requires him to complete the accession requirements that began in 2004, especially in light of the transformation of the Iraqi economy management after 2003 from the philosophy of the inclusive economy to the philosophy of the free economy. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts an exploratory analysis approach to show the impact of Iraq's accession to the World Trade Organization on the Iraqi economy. Findings: Iraq will pay a big price for its delay in joining due to the restrictions that countries can impose on its accession, especially since the OIC countries, which numbered (164) countries, control nearly (97%) of the volume of world trade in the sectors of goods, services, intellectual property and transactions. Finance, communications and information technology services. Research, Practical & Social implications: In this paper, we propose a plan for future study and emphasize Iraqi executive and economic policymakers' achievements. Originality/value: The findings show an increasing number of publications, with the economic and commercial sectors being the primary contributor. Oil-producing nations in the Middle East also feature prominently.

“…This group of indicators is understood as revenue for micro-enterprises and income for households. These studies have pointed out that one of the conditions for borrowing capital from official credit institutions is the borrower's ability to repay (Amjad & Hasnu, 2007;Al-Obaidi & Almashhadani, 2022). The income scale represents the bank's subjective assessment of the customer's ability to repay loans during the loan period.…”

Section: Business Household Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Credit Access of Individual Business Households in ho chi Minh City, Vietnam

Nguyen,

Huy

2023

Purpose: The study studies the factors affecting access to credit of individual business households in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. The authors proposed policy implications based on research results that improve access to credit for individual business households. Theoretical framework: Access to formal credit can be understood in many ways. This article considers that access to proper credit is the ability of a customer to use the capital of a traditional credit institution based on meeting financial obligations - emphasizing the ability to repay both principal and interest. Design/methodology/approach: The authors chose a mixed method to conduct the study. This is a suitable research method to answer the research questions raised. Mixed methods include both qualitative and quantitative methods. However, this combination is the implementation of interlacing, replacing the two approaches to solve each problem, the research design's specific goal. The authors analyzed Data from May 2022 to December 2022 in HCMC based on the EFA and CFA, using the structural equation model analysis (SEM) method with SPSS 20.0 software and Amos. Findings: The article's findings showed five factors affecting access to credit of individual business households in HCMC, Vietnam. In particular, the loan procedure factor substantially impacts the five factors affecting credit access. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study has provided empirical evidence on the factors affecting formal credit access by a linear structural model and provides evidence that factors such as the loan procedure affect traditional credit affecting access to credit. Originality/value: The authors give some policy implications for state management agencies, credit institutions, customers, and mass organizations, such as increasing the role of local Government and increasing the ability to use banks, E-commerce, design new loan products to help individual business households access more formal capital, and at the same time, reduce black credit.