Assessment of the Groundwater Salinity Used for Irrigation and Risks of Soil Degradation in Souss‐Massa, Morocco

Oumlouki, Kaoutar El; Moussadek, Rachid; Douaik, Ahmed; Iaaich, Hamza; Dakak, Houria; Chati, Mohamed Taoufiq; Ghanimi, Ahmed; Midaoui, Adil El; Amrani, Mahacine El; Zouahri, Abdelmjid

doi:10.1002/ird.2209

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Soil organic matter content is influenced by many factors like climate, vegetation, soil texture, topography, irrigation and drainage, cropping practices, etc. [20]. From the ANOVA results (Table 1), it is clear that the six zones have significantly different levels of OM (F-value = 3.59 and p-value =0.01).…”

Section: Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 87%

Assessment of the Quality of Soil and Groundwater of the Agricultural Area of Sidi Yahya Region, Morocco

Lahmar

Khodrani²,

Omrania

et al. 2020

E3S Web Conf.

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The Gharb plain is the largest agricultural area in Morocco. It is characterized by fertile soils and the availability of water either from surface or groundwater which allowed intensive agriculture. The aim of this research work is to study the impact of this land management on the quality of water and soil. The study was done for the irrigated perimeter of Sidi Yahya belonging to the province of Sidi Slimane, Gharb (Morocco). Depth of water table and water pH were measured in situ while water and soil samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for their physico-chemical analyses. Sampling of 33water wells and soil samples, from six different zones, was done between May and October 2018. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to check if mean water and soil parameters differed between zones. The results showed that the minimal and maximal water table depth were 6 and 96 m, respectively. Also, slightly more than half of the wells (51.5%) were inadequate for irrigation since they were either highly or extremely saline. Furthermore, soils were poor to moderately poor in organic matter but very rich in potassium and the phosphorus content was highly variable. Based on the statistical analysis, it is clear that the six zones had significantly different means for CaCO3, pH, OM, and exchangeable sodium percentage. Soil degradation like pollution and salinization may occur in this region if poor quality water is used for irrigation and if land is mismanaged. This research work can be considered as a first step towards a program for monitoring the quality of soil and water for adapting the land management with the final objective of securing high productivity and sustainable use of soil and water resources.

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Section: Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 87%

Assessment of the Quality of Soil and Groundwater of the Agricultural Area of Sidi Yahya Region, Morocco

Lahmar

Khodrani²,

Omrania

et al. 2020

E3S Web Conf.

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“…To remedy the organic matter deficiency, animal organic amendments are recommended to improve the quality of these agricultural soils [El Oumlouki, 2014].…”

Section: Organic Matter Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Quality of Agricultural Soils in the Zaër Region (Morocco)

El Omari,

Amziane,

Zerdeb

et al. 2023

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

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This qualitative study of the soils of the Zaër region is part of a context of good development, preservation and sustainability of agricultural soils. Its aim is to establish a reference framework for the physico-chemical characteristics of the region's agricultural soils. It was based on a spring sampling campaign carried out in 2021. Composite samples taken from thirteen sites with diverse soils were analysed in the laboratory. The soil analysis results were compared with reference values. The soils examined were moderately acidic to moderately alkaline, with low levels of organic matter. Nevertheless, concentrations of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were found to be sufficient, while sodium levels were very low. Furthermore, cation exchange capacity was low in spring, reflecting the soil's high and low nutrient retention capacity respectively. Phosphorus and potassium levels appear to be low. In the light of these results, the use of organic and mineral fertilisers and calcium amendments is strongly recommended to improve agricultural quality and productivity in the region studied.

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“…Some researchers [33][34][35][36] have combined GIS techniques with multivariate statistical approaches to define freshwater quality; others have combined statistical techniques, GIS, and WQI. Many scientists have investigated the properties of water hydrochemistry and the main mechanisms of regulation of freshwater hydrochemistry [37][38][39][40]. The use of the Piper diagram helps to determine the chemical parameters of GW [41] and SW [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Evaluation between the Jouamaa Hakama Groundwater and Ouljat Echatt River in the North of Morocco, Using Hydrochemical Modeling, Multivariate Statistics and GIS

Azzirgue

Cherif

Azhari

et al. 2023

Water

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The processed discharges from Tangier Automotive City’s (TAC) Chrafate Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) contaminate the Jouamaa Hakama groundwater and the Ouljat Echatt river. We aimed to study the unknown interactions between surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW). A total of nine Jouamaa Hakama GW samples and eleven Ouljat Echatt SW samples were taken and analyzed in 2021 and 2022 to determine 16 physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), turbidity (TURB), and total dissolved solids (TDS), cations: Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, anions: Cl−, CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, and SO42−). For exploitation of the data, we used a methodology based on hydrochemical modeling (HM), principal component analysis (PCA), Water Quality Index (WQI), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and regression analysis (RA). We studied the interaction of the surface water of the river (contaminated by discharges from the WWTP) with the shallow groundwater on a strip of 100 m on either side of the river to understand the transverse and longitudinal dispersion of this pollution The investigations indicated that the major ions found in GW and SW were characterized in a different order in the anion list order Cl− > CO32− > NO3− > HCO3− > SO42− and Cl− > SO42− > CO32− > NO3− > HCO3−, respectively, while the concentrations of cations showed the same order for both: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. As a result, GW showed in the Piper diagram the type of sodium chloride to magnesium carbonate, while SW belongs to the sodium chloride to magnesium sulfate type. The WQI showed that the river waters are all unsuitable for use (WQI > 100), while the GW is of poor quality (WQI > 76). Moreover, the results of the GW–SW interaction along the river revealed a significant relationship (R² = 0.85), which means that strong circulation and the infiltration of contaminated SW into shallow GW occur in this area. The approaches followed have been proven effective in evaluating water quality for human and animal uses. These results can help decision-makers in the region take suitable management measures to mitigate this environmental problem.

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Assessment of the Groundwater Salinity Used for Irrigation and Risks of Soil Degradation in Souss‐Massa, Morocco

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Assessment of the Quality of Soil and Groundwater of the Agricultural Area of Sidi Yahya Region, Morocco

Assessment of the Quality of Soil and Groundwater of the Agricultural Area of Sidi Yahya Region, Morocco

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Quality of Agricultural Soils in the Zaër Region (Morocco)

Interactions Evaluation between the Jouamaa Hakama Groundwater and Ouljat Echatt River in the North of Morocco, Using Hydrochemical Modeling, Multivariate Statistics and GIS

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