Assessment of the Impact of Energy-Saturated Tractor Movers on Soil

Abstract

Implementation of agricultural technologies for crop cultivation is not possible without the use of energy-saturated tractors. As a result of the passage of tractor movers, they have a negative effect on the soil, leading to its compaction and lower crop yields. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of movers of various running systems of energy-saturated tractors on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. To assess the impact of tractor movers on the soil, mathematical dependencies were presented to determine the soil index characterizing the physical and mechanical property of the soil, which is changed as a result of the impact and its influence when assessing the complex indicator of soil impact. The results of field studies of the effects of movers of the tractors K-701 and K-744 on the soil are presented. As a result of the research, it was found that the serial single mover of an energy-saturated tractor exerts a strong effect on the soil, creating a high voltage IV International Scientific and Practical Conference "Modern S&T Equipments and Problems in Agriculture" 180 in it leading to excessive soil compaction. The use of double wheels in comparison with single wheels makes it possible to reduce the negative impact on the soil; in particular, a decrease in stresses occurring in the soil to 10.1% and a decrease in soil density along the tracks of movers to 13.8% were recorded. The results of the calculation of a comprehensive indicator of the negative impact on the soil by different tractors are presented. The proposed methodology allows optimal manning of the enterprise's vehicles providing minimal impact on the soil and crop preservation.