Assessment of the Impact of Scientific and Technical Activities on the Economic Growth of World Countries

Abstract

At present, scientific and technical activities (STA) play a fundamental role in the creation of new knowledge necessary for the realisation of the goals of sustainable economic growth. The purpose of the research is to assess STA in countries of the world and Ukraine as well as to analyse the impact of STA on their sustainable economic growth. For the assessment of STA of world countries, we have developed a composite indicator (Index of STA–ISTA) based on two sub-indices (Potential of STA and Results of STA) and a set of partial indicators. The study is carried out using a theoretical and methodological approach that includes five research stages: calculating the ISTA of world countries with their subsequent ranking; assessing the impact of the ISTA on the economic growth of world countries; evaluating the correlations between the ISTA, the Global Innovation Index (GII), and the Human Development Index (HDI); breaking down world countries into groups with the help of cluster analysis, using data on the ISTA, GII, HDI; assessing and analysing the importance of environment-related technologies and innovations in ensuring the economic growth of countries of the world. According to the results of the study, the importance of STA in ensuring sustainable economic growth of countries of the world was confirmed. The use of cluster analysis to group countries of the world in terms of the level of STA made it possible to identify three clusters of countries: leaders, potential leaders, and catching-up countries. It has been proven that in order for a country to achieve leadership in terms of STA, it is important to harmoniously combine efforts to support and develop its scientific potential as well as to create principles for the implementation of scientific achievements in innovation activities to ensure its economic growth and improve the living standards of its population. Besides, the analysis allowed proving the existence of a moderately positive impact of the development of environment-related technologies and innovations on the acceleration of innovative development, improvement of the quality of life of the population, and the growth of GDP per capita.

Correlation Between Human Development Index and Economic Growth of Major Oil and Gas Producers

“…The results are contrary to the results obtained in this analysis, as the results showed a strong correlation of all the studied variables. Research results brought by Ma et al [25] made it possible to demonstrate the existence of a moderately positive impact of environmental technologies and innovations on accelerating innovative development, improving the quality of life of the population and GDP per capita growth. The study by Hung [26] also investigated the relationship between GDP and HDI in China during the 1990-2019 period.…”

Innovation-driven clustering for better national innovation benchmarking

“…Moving forward, the literature discussed the inadequate use of one single dimension, such as 'income', in clustering units with regard to innovation, besides, the fact that 'income' is not one of the innovation indicators (Ma et al, 2022;Stefko et al, 2019;Liudmyla et al, 2022;Jankowska et al, 2017). To name but a few, Ma et al (2022) calculated an index for the scientific and technical activities that are necessary for knowledge creation and sustainable growth. They utilized all the indicators to group all countries into three clusters: leaders, potential leaders and catching-up countries.…”

The Innovation-Based Human Development Index Using PROMETHEE II: The Context of G8 Countries

“…According to Guner [35], France, although it scored among the top 12 countries globally in the GII, still needs to strengthen its science and research infrastructure to match its economic size and potential [36]. Indeed, as France has paid attention to Science and Technical Activities (STA) development that resulted in scientific and technical that contributed to innovation development, France is considered among potential countries to become STA World Leaders [37].…”

“…As a major hub for research and development as well as innovation, Japan scored in the top five G8 countries in the GII 2022 Rankings and 13th globally. Indeed, recent research indicated that Japan has been classified as among the group of countries that are leaders in STA (high potential and results), which is an indication that Japan has been developing processes and policies that enable new knowledge generation and implementation [37]. Additionally, the economic growth of Japan is influenced by the Nation's proportion of R&D expenditure from its GDP as well as the number of qualified workforce, were all scored high levels compared to G8 countries [38].…”