“…Of the 34 digital health courses, 11 (32%) used paper-based assessments [3,4,18,38,[41][42][43]47,52,64,65], 10 (29%) used online assessments [44][45][46]50,51,54,57,58,60,62], 3 (9%) used in-person observations [18,56,63], and 6 (18%) used both paperand online assessment methods [36,53,56,59,61,63]. The remaining courses (7/34, 21%) did not assess student outcomes; thus, no assessment methods were reported [19,37,39,40,48,49,55].…”