Assessment of the inter-lap stability and relationship between the race time and start, clean swim, turn and finish variables in elite male junior swimmers’ 200 m freestyle

Morais, Jorge E.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Forte, Pedro; Pinto, João N; Marinho, Daniel A.

doi:10.1080/14763141.2021.1952298

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Regarding these turn section times, variation was largest 5 m before wall contact [13,14] and similar to the variation in clean swimming performance [13]. However, there was a lower variation for the first 15 m after wall contact [13], probably due to the streamlined body position adopted during the underwater phase, making this section less fatigued. Although velocity is well maintained in one of the multiple turn sections, fatigue or changes in race strategy in another turn section of more than the 0.5%, as mentioned earlier, may result in a significant performance deterioration over the total race time [15].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…In short-course races, the contribution of acyclic phases, i.e., start and turns, to the total race time is widely known [16,29,30]. For instance, turn times contributed 32.92 ± 1.09% to total race time in long-course 200 m races [13] compared to 50.84 ± 0.28% in 200 m shortcourse races [16]. Recent research studies investigated the effect of various turn sections on race time and suggested that faster IN-5m times would increase turn performance [25,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, turns are typically split into turn section times before and after wall contact [10]. Regarding these turn section times, variation was largest 5 m before wall contact [13,14] and similar to the variation in clean swimming performance [13]. However, there was a lower variation for the first 15 m after wall contact [13], probably due to the streamlined body position adopted during the underwater phase, making this section less fatigued.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Indeed, in addition to interfering with clean swimming performance, the aforementioned positive pacing pattern also affected turn performance towards the end of a 200 m race simulation [12]. Race analyses confirmed this effect in finalists of the 2019 European Junior Championships showing significantly slower turn times for the last than the first turn of the race [13]. However, turns are typically split into turn section times before and after wall contact [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As turn performances provide important success factors for short-course races [16,19,20] and become progressively slower throughout a race [12,13,19,21], more consistent turn times may distinguish higher-from lower-ranked swimmers. Furthermore, pacing strategies differ between short-and long-distance races [2,6,7,13,14,21]. As such, variation and consistency in turn section times may be affected by the distance of the race.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers

Cuenca-Fernández

Ruiz-Navarro

Polach

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Turn performances are important success factors for short-course races, and more consistent turn times may distinguish between higher and lower-ranked swimmers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine coefficients of variation (CV) and performance progressions (∆%) of turn performances. The eight finalists and eight fastest swimmers from the heats that did not qualify for the semi-finals, i.e., from 17th to 24th place, of the 100, 200, 400, and 800 (females only)/1500 m (males only) freestyle events at the 2019 European Short Course Championships were included, resulting in a total of 64 male (finalists: age: 22.3 ± 2.6, FINA points: 914 ± 31 vs. heats: age: 21.5 ± 3.1, FINA points: 838 ± 74.9) and 64 female swimmers (finalists: age: 22.9 ± 4.8, FINA points: 904 ± 24.5 vs. heats: age: 20.1 ± 3.6, FINA points: 800 ± 48). A linear mixed model was used to compare inter- and intra-individual performance variation. Interactions between CVs, ∆%, and mean values were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed impaired turn performances as the races progressed. Finalists showed faster turn section times than the eight fastest non-qualified swimmers from the heats (p < 0.001). Additionally, turn section times were faster for short-, i.e., 100 and 200 m, than middle- and long-distance races, i.e., 400 to 1500 m races (p < 0.001). Regarding variation in turn performance, finalists showed lower CVs and ∆% for all turn section times (0.74% and 1.49%) compared to non-qualified swimmers (0.91% and 1.90%, respectively). Similarly, long-distance events, i.e., 800/1500 m, showed lower mean CVs and higher mean ∆% (0.69% and 1.93%) than short-distance, i.e., 100 m events (0.93% and 1.39%, respectively). Regarding turn sections, the largest CV and ∆% were found 5 m before wall contact (0.70% and 1.45%) with lower CV and more consistent turn section times 5 m after wall contact (0.42% and 0.54%). Non-qualified swimmers should aim to match the superior turn performances and faster times of finalists in all turn sections. Both finalists and non-qualified swimmers should pay particular attention to maintaining high velocities when approaching the wall as the race progresses.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers

Cuenca-Fernández

Ruiz-Navarro

Polach

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Performance and pacing of professional IRONMAN triathletes: the fastest IRONMAN World Championship ever—IRONMAN Hawaii 2022

Knechtle,

Cuk,

Villiger

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pacing during cycling and running in an IRONMAN triathlon has been investigated in only one study with elite IRONMAN triathletes. We have, however, no knowledge of how professional triathletes pace during an IRONMAN World Championship. To investigate the split-by-split speed, pacing strategies and pacing variability in professional female and male IRONMAN World Championship participants in the fastest IRONMAN World Championship ever in IRONMAN Hawaii 2022. For both cycling and running, 25 specific split times were recorded in each discipline. The best 30 men and 30 women overall were chosen from the official IRONMAN website database for further analysis. They were divided into three performance groups: Top 10, 11–20th place, and 21st–30th place. Mean speed, individual linear regressions with the corresponding correlation coefficients, and coefficient of variation were calculated to assess split-by-split speed, pacing strategies, and pacing variability, respectively. In both men’s and women’s cycling and running segments, the top ten participants exhibited faster split times compared to the slower performance groups. Notably, no discernible differences existed between the 11–20th and 21st–30th place in men’s cycling and women’s running times. Conversely, in men’s running and women’s cycling segments, those in the 11–20th place displayed quicker times than those in the 21st–30th place. In the cycling segment across all groups, men demonstrated a more negative pacing pattern (indicating an increase in speed), whereas women exhibited more consistent pacing. In the running segment, the top 10 men and all women’s groups showcased relatively similar slightly positive pacing profiles. However, men ranking 11–20th and 21st–30th displayed more pronounced positive pacing strategies, implying a more significant decline in speed over time. In terms of cycling, the variability in pacing remained relatively consistent across the three performance groups. Conversely, during the running segment, the top ten male triathletes and those in the 11–20th place displayed lower pacing variability than their counterparts in the 21st–30th position place and all women’s groups. In summary, performance and pacing were examined in professional male and female IRONMAN World Championship participants during IRONMAN Hawaii 2022. Top performers showed faster cycling and running split times, with differences in pacing strategies between sexes. The pacing was more consistent in cycling, while running pacing varied more, particularly among male triathletes in different performance groups.

show abstract

Race analysis of the men’s 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships

Morais

Barbosa

Lopes

et al. 2022

Sports Biomechanics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to: (i) characterise the stroke kinematics' stability of the male swimmers competing in the four 50 m events at the 2021 European Championships, and; (ii) understand the speed-time relationship in the four race events. All male swimmers who participated in the 50 m events (backstroke: 78 swimmers; breaststroke: 79 swimmers; butterfly: 89 swimmers; freestyle: 95 swimmers) were evaluated. In each swimming stroke swimmers were split in two groups (better and poorer performances). Significant variances (p < 0.05) were observed in both groups in all variables and for all swimming strokes. Swimming speed was the variable with the highest variance in both groups and strokes. Overall, better swimmers presented a low to high normative stability, and poorer swimmers a moderate-to-high. Speed-time curve fitting for all swimming strokes and groups suggested a cubic relationship. It can be considered that elite male swimmers racing 50 m sprint events at major competitions present an all-out trend. The present data provide coaches with substantial information about the main trend in the 50 m sprint events, specifically in each section of the race.

show abstract

Assessment of the inter-lap stability and relationship between the race time and start, clean swim, turn and finish variables in elite male junior swimmers’ 200 m freestyle

Abstract: 2021): Assessment of the inter-lap stability and relationship between the race time and start, clean swim, turn and finish variables in elite male junior swimmers' 200 m freestyle, Sports Biomechanics,

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers

Turn Performance Variation in European Elite Short-Course Swimmers

Performance and pacing of professional IRONMAN triathletes: the fastest IRONMAN World Championship ever—IRONMAN Hawaii 2022

Race analysis of the men’s 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About