Assessment of the level of reliability of power supplies of the objects of critical infrastructure

Krzykowski, Michał; Paś, Jacek; Rosiński, Adam

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/214/1/012018

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, the continuous diagnosis of the electromagnetic environment inside and outside the EMU is such an important problem. The spectral components of the unwanted signals also cause deterioration in the quality of power supplied to the on-board power grid of the EMU by increasing the h-value of the harmonic content [3,4]. This causes e.g.…”

Section: Fig 7 Segregation Of Electromagnetic Interference Generated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include electromagnetic fields with frequencies less than several tens of kHz. These frequencies correspond to very long wavelengths -e.g., 50 Hz waveforms correspond to wavelengths of 6 000 km, and 10 kHz waveforms to wavelengths of 30 km [4,9,12]. When performing measurements of electromagnetic fields at low frequencies, in connection with such large wavelengths in relation to the distance from the sources of this radiation in which the field parameters are measured, the electric and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field are always considered separately [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of independent magnetic fields in the very low frequency range elf generated by selected elements of an electric traction unit on the ambient environment and electronic systems

Paś

Białek²,

Wetoszka³

2022

jaeee

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The article presents research results and issues related to of magnetic component of electromagnetic field on the environment and electronic systems used in the electric traction unit. The electronic systems used and built into an electric power unit are operated in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Electrical and electronic systems with different purposes coexist on the vast railroad area, and an important operational problem, apart from environmental changes in which these technical objects are operated, is also the issue of external and internal electromagnetic compatibility. Depending on the extent of the railroad area, the intentional or unintentional emission of electromagnetic fields over a range of frequencies, the construction, technical configuration and method of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility for the electrical and electronic systems in use and electronic systems in use are different. It is necessary to skillfully and appropriately use all measures included in the electromagnetic compatibility pyramid to ensure the appropriate level of robustness, immunity and susceptibility of the above mentioned systems. Due to the impact and propagation of electromagnetic waves in the railroad environment, individual frequency bands of interfering signals should be considered separately for the whole spectrum of interfering signals. The article presents the results of research on the generated magnetic fields from the very low frequency (ELF) range by electric power units. Diagnosing the electromagnetic environment over the entire frequency range enables the realization and proper protection of the electrical and electronic systems used in an electric power train from the effects of unintended interference. Knowledge of the parameters of interfering signals - e.g. amplitude, frequency range, spectrum, etc. - will enable designers of electrical and electronic train systems systems to properly protect these facilities from adverse environmental conditions.

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Section: Fig 7 Segregation Of Electromagnetic Interference Generated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of independent magnetic fields in the very low frequency range elf generated by selected elements of an electric traction unit on the ambient environment and electronic systems

Paś

Białek²,

Wetoszka³

2022

jaeee

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“…The quality of information [13,14,15,16,20] received by the systems from detectors [10,11], installed over a vast transport area with a distorted electromagnetic environment (high levels of interfering signals) is also important. Certain research papers propose the application of fuzzy logic [22] or artificial neural networks [6,13,14,15,16,23,24], which are already used in detectors for developing alarm signals [10,11]. The functionality of electronic transport systems is also significantly impacted by environmental conditions, temperature, humidity, vibrations and oscillations [3], as well as electromagnetic interference [1,7,18,20,21] but they are not included in this article.…”

Section: Jacek Paś Tomasz Klimczakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected issues of the reliability and operational assessment of a fire alarm system

Paś¹,

Klimczak²

2019

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability

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“…Having carried out the analysis of fire alarm systems it can be said, that they function in varied environmental conditions (Paś 2016;Krzykowski et al 2019;Long et al 2021). During operation they should stay in full fitness (Naziris et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire alarm systems must meet several requirements, listed both in standards and in guidelines included in regulations (especially in critical infrastructure facilities). One of the most important requirements is: low power consumption (Billinton and Allan 1996;Krzykowski et al 2019;Rosiński et al 2019), functionality (Siergiejczyk and Krzykowska 2014), reliability (Laskowski et al 2015;Mao et al 2019;Jafari et al 2020), vibration resistance (Burdzik et al 2013;Kostrzewski 2018;Kukulski et al 2019;), information quality ) from sensors (Łabowski and Kaniewski 2015;Kaniewski et al 2019), electromagnetic distortion resistance (Siergiejczyk et al 2015;Urbancokova et al 2015;Siergiejczyk et al 2017;Paś et al 2020) and subsystem inspection (Duer et al 2013). One of the effects of complying with the requirements is the introduction of more and more technologically sophisticated FAS (Cadena et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analysis of the operational process of a complex fire alarm system used in transport facilities

et al. 2021

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A fire alarm system (FAS) is a system comprising signalling-alarm devices, which automatically detect and transmit information about fire, but also receivers of fire alarms and receivers for damage signals. Fire alarm systems function in different environmental conditions. During operation they should be in state of fitness. This is determined by the reliability of the assembled units and rational management of the operation process. Therefore a reliability and operational analysis of fire alarm systems as a whole is essential. This article presents an authorial model and an operational and reliability analysis of FAS, which is exploited in a transport building. It also demonstrates relationships occurring in the analysed system, where to an addressable fire alarm central unit with detection loops and control-monitoring loops alarm device lines (with monitored relay outputs for actuation of alarm-signalling devices) were connected. Research and analysis of results for representative FAS, which were exploited in similar environmental conditions, were conducted in order to determine operational and reliability parameters of the investigated system. FAS computer simulation was run during the time t = 1 year of safety system operation. This led to the calculation of the probability value of the analysed FAS staying in the examined operational states.

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Assessment of the level of reliability of power supplies of the objects of critical infrastructure

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of independent magnetic fields in the very low frequency range elf generated by selected elements of an electric traction unit on the ambient environment and electronic systems

Effects of independent magnetic fields in the very low frequency range elf generated by selected elements of an electric traction unit on the ambient environment and electronic systems

Selected issues of the reliability and operational assessment of a fire alarm system

The analysis of the operational process of a complex fire alarm system used in transport facilities

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