Assessment of the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix Validity of Likert Scales Via Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Flamer, Stephen

doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1803_3

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This overly simplistic portrayal is fostered by studies that indicate that Likert and Thurstone attitude scores typically are correlated to at least a moderate degree (.60 ≤ r ≤ .95), regardless of whether responses to the same set of items are scored with the two procedures (Ferguson, 1941;Likert, 1932;Likert, Roslow, & Murphy, 1934) or responses to independently constructed Likert (1932) and Thurstone (1928) questionnaires are compared (Edwards & Kenney, 1946;Flamer, 1983;Jaccard, Weber, & Lundmark, 1975;Likert, 1932;Rhoads & Landy, 1973). Given these results, researchers usually have differentiated the two methods using other measurement criteria such as reliability and efficiency of scale construction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Validity Issues in the Likert and Thurstone Approaches to Attitude Measurement

Roberts

Laughlin²,

Wedell

1999

Educational and Psychological Measurement

137

138

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This article highlights the theoretical differences between the Likert and Thurstone approaches to attitude measurement and demonstrates how such differences can lead to discrepant attitude estimates for individuals with the most extreme opinions. Both simulated data and real data on attitude toward abortion are used to demonstrate this discrepancy. The results suggest that attitude researchers should, at the very least, devote more attention to the empirical response characteristics of items on a Likert attitude questionnaire. At most, these results suggest that other methods, such as the Thurstone technique or one of its recently developed item response theory counterparts, should be used to derive attitude estimates from disagree-agree responses.Introductory texts often portray the Thurstone (1928) and the Likert (1932) approaches to attitude measurement as though both methods provide equally valid scores measuring attitude when individuals respond to a set of questionnaire items using a (binary or graded) disagree-agree response scale (Mueller, 1986;Petty & Cacioppo, 1981). This overly simplistic portrayal is fostered by studies that indicate that Likert and Thurstone attitude scores typically are correlated to at least a moderate degree (.60 ≤ r ≤ .95), regardless of whether responses to the same set of items are scored with the two proce-

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity Issues in the Likert and Thurstone Approaches to Attitude Measurement

Roberts

Laughlin²,

Wedell

1999

Educational and Psychological Measurement

137

138

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“…First, the various terms are classified into verbs, nouns, and adjectives by using an expert evaluation method and a constructed emotional dictionary based on the word frequency and the importance of words (in this study, we only invited Chinese diplomats to be the experts, so the result may only represent the opinions of the Chinese officials). Second, the results are divided into seven categories by Likert Scale, that is −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 [34][35][36]. Positive or negative statements are analyzed by virtue of the Likert score and the average emotional value of the sentence.…”

Section: Text Analyzing Methods For Geo-eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Web Crawler Technology for Geo-Events Analysis: A Case Study of the Huangyan Island Incident

Hou

2014

Sustainability

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Social networking and network socialization provide abundant text information and social relationships into our daily lives. Making full use of these data in the big data era is of great significance for us to better understand the changing world and the information-based society. Though politics have been integrally involved in the hyperlinked world issues since the 1990s, the text analysis and data visualization of geo-events faced the bottleneck of traditional manual analysis. Though automatic assembly of different geospatial web and distributed geospatial information systems utilizing service chaining have been explored and built recently, the data mining and information collection are not comprehensive enough because of the sensibility, complexity, relativity, timeliness, and unexpected characteristics of political events. Based on the framework of Heritrix and the analysis of web-based text, word frequency, sentiment tendency, and dissemination path of the Huangyan Island incident were studied by using web crawler technology and the text analysis. The results indicate that tag cloud, frequency map, attitudes pie, individual mention ratios, and dissemination flow graph, based on the crawled information and data processing not only highlight the characteristics of geo-event itself, but also implicate many interesting phenomenon and deep-seated problems behind it, such as related topics, theme vocabularies, subject contents, hot countries, event bodies, opinion leaders, high-frequency vocabularies, information sources, semantic structure, propagation paths, distribution of different attitudes, and regional difference of net citizens' response in the Huangyan Island incident. Furthermore, the text analysis of network information with the help of focused web crawler OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2014, 6 1897 is able to express the time-space relationship of crawled information and the information characteristic of semantic network to the geo-events. Therefore, it is a useful tool to collect information for understanding the formation and diffusion of web-based public opinions in political events.

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“…Shapira 1984;Preston, Colman 2000]); • rzetelność oraz trafność skali (np. [Bending 1954;Ramsay 1973;Carmines, Zeller 1979;Flamer 1983;Svensson 2014]); • typ skali (np. [Menezes, Elbert 1979;Ofir, Reddy, Bechtel 1987]);…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

Wpływ szerokości skali na miary dopasowania modelu ścieżkowego

Skowron¹

2015

Ekonometria

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Streszczenie: W artykule autor przedstawia analizę wpływu szerokości skali na miary dopasowania modelu ścieżkowego. Do celów analitycznych zostało opracowane autorskie narzędzie pomiarowe, które wykorzystano do przeprowadzenia dwóch tur badawczych. W pierwszej turze dwie grupy respondentów dostały do wypełnienia dwa różne kwestionariusze, w któ-rych poruszany był ten sam problem badawczy, lecz możliwy zakres odpowiedzi był przedstawiony w dwóch szerokościach skali, tj. skali 5-i 10-stopniowej. Po okresie 1 tygodnia te same grupy respondentów zostały ponownie poproszone o ocenę danego zagadnienia tym razem z wykorzystaniem odmiennej skali. Uzyskane dane empiryczne zostały wykorzystane do opracowania modeli ścieżkowych przedstawiających proces budowania analizowanego zagadnienia. Dzięki zebranemu materiałowi empirycznemu możliwe było zbadanie wpływu szerokości skali na uzyskane w ramach prowadzonych analiz miary dopasowania modelu w perspektywie jego stabilności zarówno wewnętrznej, jak i zewnętrznej.Słowa kluczowe: modelowanie ścieżkowe, SEM, szerokość skali, miary dopasowania. Summary:Research problem analysed in the paper concentrates on the impact of the choice of scale on the the goodness of fit of the Structural Equation Model. For that purpose the primary research tool were built and used for conducting two rounds of research. In the first round two groups of respondents were given two different questionaries dealing with the same research problem (same set of research questions) but using different, 5 or 10 point scales. After one week the same groups of respondents were asked again to assess the research problem by using different type of scale. Obtained empirical data were used to build the structural equation models (for 5 and 10 point scales) of the analysed research problem. Thanks to the collected empirical data it was possible to analyze the impact of the choice of scale on internal (AVE, Cronbach's Alfa, Composite Reliability) and external (R 2 ) goodness of fit of the model.

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Assessment of the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix Validity of Likert Scales Via Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Validity Issues in the Likert and Thurstone Approaches to Attitude Measurement

Validity Issues in the Likert and Thurstone Approaches to Attitude Measurement

Using Web Crawler Technology for Geo-Events Analysis: A Case Study of the Huangyan Island Incident

Wpływ szerokości skali na miary dopasowania modelu ścieżkowego

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