Assessment of the mycoflora of commercial poultry feeds sold in the humid tropical environment of Imo State, Nigeria

Okoli, I. C.; Nweke, C. U.; Okoli, CG; Opara, M. N.

doi:10.1007/bf03325902

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These results are in partial or complete agreement with those reported by several researchers in different places of the world (Azizi, Shateri, & Mousavizadeh, ; Figueroa, Conteno, Calvo, Rengel, & Adelantado, ; Ibrahim, Kabir, Kwanashie, Salawudeen, & Joshua, ; Krnjaja, Stojanovic, Cmiljanic, Trenkovski, & Tomasevic, ; Zohri, Saber, Youssef, & Abdel‐Kereem, ). Okoli et al () studied and identified the common molds growing in commercial poultry feed sold in Owerri, Nigeria. The common molds isolated from these feeds were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Yeast sp., Rhizopus sp ., Epicoecum sp ., Gymnoaseus sp ., Cladosporium sp., and Mortierella sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural products including cereals and oilseeds constitute a major component of poultry feed ingredients. Mold contamination is wide spread in tropical countries where poultry production and processing are expanding rapidly (Beg et al, ; Okoli, Nweke, Okoli, & Opara, ). The contamination of agriculture commodities with toxigenic fungi under favorable conditions may lead to mycotoxin buildup reaching to injurious levels for farm animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Saleem

Al‐Johani

2018

Journal of Food Safety

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Fifty poultry feed samples were collected from five regions (Hail, Jeddah, Makkah, Qassim and Al‐Madinah) in Saudi Arabia, 10 samples from each region. Thirty‐two fungal species belong to 16 genera were isolated on both Dextrose Czapeks and Pototo dextrose agar media at 28 °C using two isolation methods (dilution‐plate and baiting methods). The most common species were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus versicolor, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor racemosus, Neurospora crassa, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Qualitative determination of aflatoxins in 24 isolates of A. flavus and Aspergillus parasitcus were screened using ammonium hydroxide test. Fourteen isolates (58.3% of total isolates) exhibited positive reaction when exposed to ammonium hydroxide vapor. However, 10 isolates (41.7%) showed negative response for their abilities to produce aflatoxins. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cultural extracts exhibited variable levels of aflatoxins. The concentration of aflatoxin B was 18.0–204.8 ng/ml. However, aflatoxin G was 21.7–249.3 ng/ml. Culture extracts of A. flavus and A. parasiticus were also analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for aflatoxins detection. Fifteen isolates (62.5%) exhibited distinct spots for aflatoxins on the TLC plate. Aflatoxin B was predominant. The Rf values of B1, B2, G1, and G2 were 0.78, 0.62, 0.46, and 0.38, respectively. Practical applications Study of fungal content of poultry feed would contribute to know the aflatoxins producing fungi and avoid the hazard effect of these fungi by storing of feed in unsuitable conditions for germination and metabolites of these fungi. The ability of Aspergillus fungi to produce aflatoxins and concentration of aflatoxins in the culture extracts of these fungi give evidence for how much doses of aflatoxins expose to poultry industry and its negative impact on poultry production and human health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Saleem

Al‐Johani

2018

Journal of Food Safety

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“…Okoli et al [3] analyzed the mycobiota of commercial poultry feed in Nigeria. The common moulds isolated were Aspergillus spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Poultry Feed for Food-Producing Animals

Greco

Franchi

Golba

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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Moulds are capable of reducing the nutritional value of feedstuff as well as elaborating several mycotoxins. Mycotoxin-contaminated feed has adverse effects on animal health and productivity. Also, mycotoxins may be carried over into meat and eggs when poultry are fed with contaminated feed. In a point prevalence study feedstuff used for poultry nutrition in Argentina was analyzed for fungal flora, natural incidence of selected mycotoxins, and nutritional quality. Ten mould genera were recovered, six of them known to be mycotoxigenic. More than 28 species were determined. Fumonisins were detected in all the samples (median 1,750 ppb). Forty-four out of 49 samples (90%) were contaminated with DON (median 222 ppb) and OTA (median 5 ppb). Also, 44 out of 49 samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (median 2.685 ppb), 42 samples (86%) with ZEA (median 50 ppb), and 38 samples (78%) with T2-toxin (median 50 ppb). Ninety percent of the samples had at least one type of nutritional deficiency. This study indicates the need for continuous assessment of the mycological status of animal feed production, in order to feed animals for optimal performance ensuring food safety.

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“…These species are commonly associated with feed mills in the Midwestern United States (Larson et al, 2008a;Hagstrum & Subramanyam, 2009). Animal byproducts such as meat meal, blood meal, bone meal, feather meal, egg-shell meal, and fish meal are common ingredients used in animal feed, and may be the source(s) of E. faecalis and E. faecium in feed samples (Cox et al, 1983;Okoli et al, 2006;Sapkota et al, 2007). In previous studies from our laboratory (Larson et al, 2008b;Channaiah, 2009), we isolated antibiotic-resistant and virulent enterococci from animal feed samples collected from six feed mills located in the Midwestern United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci

Channaiah

Subramanyam

McKinney

et al. 2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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A total of 154 enterococcal isolates from 95 stored-product insects collected from a feed mill, a grain storage silo, and a retail store were isolated and identified to the species level using PCR. Enterococcus casseliflavus represented 51% of the total isolates, followed by Enterococcus gallinarum (24%), Enterococcus faecium (14%), Enterococcus faecalis (7%), and Enterococcus hirae (5%). Many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (48%), followed by streptomycin (21%), erythromycin (14%), kanamycin (13%), ciprofloxacin (12%), ampicillin (4%), and chloramphenicol (<1%). Enterococci carried genes coding for virulence factors, including the gelatinase gene gelE (26% of isolates), an enterococcal surface protein gene esp (1%), and the cytolysin gene cylA (2%). An aggregation substance (asa1) gene was detected in six out of 10 E. faecalis isolates and five of these were positive for the aggregation substance. Enterococci were positive for hemolytic (57% of isolates) and gelatinolytic (23%) activity. The filter-mating assay showed that the tetracycline resistance gene, tetM, was transferable among E. faecalis by conjugation. These data demonstrated that stored-product insects can serve as potential vectors in disseminating antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci.

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Assessment of the mycoflora of commercial poultry feeds sold in the humid tropical environment of Imo State, Nigeria

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Poultry Feed for Food-Producing Animals

Stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci

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