Assessment of the Phase-to-Ground Fault Apparent Admittance Method with Phase/Ground Boundaries to Detect Types of Electrical Faults for Protective Relays Using Signature Library and Simulated Events

Abstract

Protective relays in electric power grids recognize the types of electrical faults in a few seconds. The most common detection method to detect the types of electrical faults is based on measuring the angle between the zero and negative sequence currents. However, it is not completely accurate because the phase-to-phase-ground and phase-to-ground electrical faults could have the same detection conditions. Therefore, engineers need to plot the events after an electrical fault to observe the nature of the incidents in detail. In this study, the phase-to-ground fault apparent (PGFA) admittance method with phase/ground boundaries identified the types of electrical faults located in distribution power lines and feeders. This method was based on measuring the PGFA admittance magnitudes for the faulted and nonfaulted phases, resulting in greater than zero and near zero, respectively. The PGFA admittance algorithm was built with MATLAB/Simulink software and tested with signature library and grid simulation events. The PGFA method with phase/ground boundaries was evaluated with the confusion matrix. The measured and predicted values matched in more than 90% of the tests, and the PGFA admittance method with phase/ground boundaries presented an accuracy of 94.3% and a precision of 100%.

Medium-Voltage Testbed for Comparing Advanced Power Line Sensors vs. Measurement Transformers with Electrical Grid Events

“…Figure 2 shows the circuit of the Ultrastab 866 precision current transducer. Because the CT was connected to the Ultrastab 866 precision current transducer, the current gain of the CT for the OP4510 real-time simulator was calculated using Equation (18).…”

“…Today's voltage and current sensing solutions include optical sensors, air-core coilbased sensors, resistive and capacitive dividers, and hybrid solutions that have received interest for use in the digital electrical power grid [17]. Some electrical utilities have increasingly started to install these new sensor technologies for experimental monitoring; the Electrical Power Board (EPB) of Chattanooga installed optical power line sensors (26.6 kV phase-to-neutral voltage) to measure the line currents and voltages at the 46 kV EPB Chattanooga electrical substation [18].…”

Outdoor Test Bed Performance of a Power Line Sensor Using a Real-Time Event Simulator

“…Since the CT was connected to the Ultrastab 866 precision current transducer, the current gain of the CT for the OP4510 real-time simulator was calculated by Eq. (18).…”

“…In addition, some electrical utilities have started to install these new sensor technologies for experimental monitoring applications. For instance, in collaboration with the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Electric Power Board of Chattanooga (EPB) installed optical power line sensors (26.6 kV phase to neutral voltage) to measure the phase currents and voltages at this 46 kV EPB electrical substation [18]. Advanced sensor technologies have been focused on simplifying the installation, improving the reliability of power delivery, enhancing the detection of electrical faults, and observing transient events.…”

"Approbation of the developed method for determining network insulation parameters on an operating excavator"

“…Presently, a significant amount of information has been accumulated on the research of the insulation condition of mining electrical networks, which is reflected in an increase in the level of electrical safety in open-cut mining [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, these studies cannot serve as a standard for all types of quarries for reasons such as the location of quarries in different climatic zones, the number and capacity of electrical installations, and the length of power lines.…”