Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Kernel Fruit Oil from the Acrocomia totai Palm Tree

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of variations in oil contents and fatty-acid composition, density, viscosity, acid values, saponification values, specific oxidative stability, and antioxidant concentration of Acrocomia totai kernel oil during fruit maturation. Fatty acids were quantified using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatograph-flame-ionization detector (GC-FID), and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that all physicochemical characteristics and oil composition changed during the ripening stage. The CG-FID analysis showed a reduction in the unsaturated fatty-acid content (from 78.8% to 22.1%), with a proportional increase in the saturated fatty-acid contents (from 21.6% to 77.9%). The difference in the fatty-acid composition was confirmed by analysis of the 1 H NMR and FT-Raman spectra. The degree of unsaturation was calculated to determine the oxidative stability of oil. These results suggest that the fruit's maturation contributes to the specific oxidative stability. The antioxidant concentration revealed higher contents of carotenoids in the ripe fruit (0.16 mg of carotenoid per 100 g KERNEL ) when compared to the unripe fruit (0.05 mg of carotenoid per 100 g KERNEL ). In the total phenolics analysis, there was no change in concentration over ripening time. These results show that kernel oil has physicochemical properties comparable with high-quality commercial vegetable oils, suggesting that it is a promising alternative to conventional vegetable oils.

Analysis of Pork Adulteration In Recycled Frying Oils Using Raman Spectroscopy

“…This shows that the resulted peaks of palm frying oil in this study might indicate the significant Raman spectra characteristics of vegetable oils. Similar pattern of Raman spectrum of palm oil which exhibited the similar significant peaks were also reported in other studies [17,[19][20]. There were also studies which reported some similar patterns of the Raman spectra of animal fats or oils such as desi ghee, pork lard, beef tallow, duck oil and chicken fat [21][22].…”

Acrocomia spp.: neglected crop, ballyhooed multipurpose palm or fit for the bioeconomy? A review

“…In Costa Rica, the average oil content of A. aculeata fruit kernels has been found to range from 48.7 to 58.4% on a dry basis (Alfaro-Solís et al 2020;Lieb et al 2019). Kernels from A. totai fruits in the state of Paraná exhibited an average oil content of 58.3% in the final stages of ripening (Souza et al 2018), higher than the value of 47.76% reported by Machado et al (2015) for fruits from the same region and species. A. sclerocarpa displays a value (55.4%) similar to those of A. aculeata and A. totai (Machado et al 2015).…”

“…A number of post-harvesting (drying and storing conditions for oil quality maintenance) and pre-processing methods (e.g., oil extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis) were explored (Evaristo et al 2016b;Favaro et al 2017;Silva et al 2017). A new study on the effects of maturity stages on kernel oil reported variations in physicochemical characteristics and composition, thus contributing to a better understanding of the ripening process (Souza et al 2018). During this period, further studies on sustainability aspects were published, providing insights on sustainable supply of acrocomia as an alternative source of vegetable oil.…”

“…By comparison, kernel oil from acrocomia fruits has a high composition of saturated fatty acids (∼71%) (Coimbra & Jorge 2012;de Oliveira et al 2017;del Río et al 2016;Lescano et al 2015b;Lieb et al 2019;Silva et al 2015;Souza et al 2018), from which lauric, oleic, and myristic acid are the main fatty acids. Palmitic, caprylic, capric, stearic, and linoleic acid are found in minor proportions.…”

“…A. aculeata exhibits inbreeding preference and individual variation of self-incompatibility based on low levels of selfing in isolated or fragmented habitats (Abreu et al 2012;Araújo et al 2017;Coelho et al 2018;Lanes et al 2016;Scariot et al 1995). A low correlation paternity was Favaro et al, 2017;Hernández et al, 2007;Ribeiro et al, 2017;Lescano et al, 2015b;Lieb et al, 2019;Navarro-Díaz et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2015;Souri, 2017;Souza et al, 2018;Trentini et al, 2017. observed in one population of A. aculeata in São Paulo state, indicating a high probability of half-sib occurrence (Coelho et al 2018), random mating, and uncommon mating between related individuals. The authors found an absence of intrapopulation spatial genetic structure.…”