Assessment of the potency and effectiveness of a heptavalent oil-adjuvanted (ISA 206) foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in Egypt

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a serious highly contagious viral disease affecting all cloven-hoofed animals, and outbreaks can have a severe economic impact. An inactivated heptavalent oil-adjuvanted FMD vaccine (Aphtovac-7, MEVAC) was prepared from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains A-Iran05, A-Africa-IV, O-PanAsia2, O-Manisa, O-EA3, SAT-2 Gharbia, and SAT-2 LIB-12. The vaccine potency and effectiveness were evaluated in three groups of 6- to 8-month-old calves and 200 adult dairy cattle under field conditions. All animals were vaccinated with the vaccine preparation, and the three groups of calves were challenged after 28 days by intradermolingual inoculation with 104 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of FMDV serotype A, O, or SAT-2. Mock-vaccinated calves (two per group) served as unvaccinated controls during the challenge test. Adult dairy cattle were tested for seroconversion using a virus neutralization test at 30, 60, and 120 days post-vaccination. All calves displayed complete protection against challenge with the different serotypes of FMDV when compared to the control groups. Serum samples collected after the primary and booster immunizations at 30 days post-vaccination contained high titers of protective antibodies (≥ 1/32; i.e. 1.5 log10). Antibodies persisted until the end of the study period (120 days), with a peak value around 60 days post-vaccination. The heptavalent FMD vaccine preparation was found to be potent and capable of providing a protective immune response under both experimental and field conditions.

Compared to Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant, Montanide ISA 206 VG Induces a Higher and More Durable Neutralizing Antibody Response against FMDV in Goats

“…This study demonstrated that Montanide ISA-201 (206) is effective in generating neutralizing antibodies against the FMD virus. Based on this study, the mean neutralizing antibody titers of the vaccinated goats and the time at which they reached their maximum were consistent with those found in other studies (23,24).…”

“…As a result of these findings, Montanide ISA 206 VG is superior to alum-based adjuvants in terms of the amount and duration of the induced antibody titers in vaccinated animals (23,24). As FMD virus serotypes differ greatly and protection from some serotypes is incomplete, new FMD virus serotypes are frequently discovered, and a vaccine may not be effective in the long term.…”

Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The introduction of the FMD control strategy has led to a significant reduction in FMD cases. However, outbreaks are still being reported, even in areas where immunization is done regularly ( 30 ). In the Kafrelsheikh Governorate of Egypt, both vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle have become sick or died from FMDV ( 37 ).…”

Exploring Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier in the Delivery of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particle Vaccines

“…In our laboratory, the combination of FMDV VLPs and conventional adjuvants ISA 206 have been shown to effectively induce could induce a potent immune response . Although ISA 206 is still the mainstream adjuvant in the current FMD vaccine, its safety and toxicity have aroused continuous concerns and thoughts. , Thus, it is urgent to develop safe and potent adjuvants to fulfill the demands of vaccine applications. In our previous work, we have described dendrimer-like MSNs, which have large center-radial mesopores and exhibited potential adjuvant effects, but the antibody-response level and protective efficiency were significantly lower for the MSN group in comparison to the ISA 206 group.…”