Assessment of the quality of quaternary groundwater under the influence of anthropogenic activities in the low-income neighbourhoods of the Treichville municipality (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)

Abstract

This study aims to assess the groundwater quality and the origin of water mineralization in an environment with high anthropogenic pressure in the municipality of Treichville. Twenty-one water samples were analysed to determine the quality. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, Mann-Whitney test, Kohonen algorithm, and water table building were used to determine the factors influencing the mineralization. The results showed that the well's water contains chemical and bacteriological elements whose concentrations are higher than the standards authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, high levels of nitrate (peak = 173.1 mg L −1), phosphate (peak = 1.03 mg L −1), lead (peak = 2.987 mg L −1), and Escherichia coli (peak = 2.31 × 10 5 UFC 100 mL −1) were obtained in these waters. So, the groundwater is not suitable for human consumption. The most mineralized waters are found in the areas near the Ebrié Lagoon and extend in the direction including the low-income neighbourhoods of Biafra, Nanan Yamousso and Appolo. Pollutant transfer is continuous in the study area and comes from surface sewage, latrines, sewage disposal systems, well water collection materials, and the Ebrié Lagoon. Indeed, the pollutants leave Biafra neighbourhoods where water is heavily polluted and the pollution is amplified by the presence of septic tanks and latrines located on the line of groundwater flow. The main factors influencing water quality are the lagoon water intrusion, the advection mechanism linked to the infiltration of surface water and the lateral migration of pollutants from septic tanks and latrines, and mechanism of dissolution of the clay component of the clayey-sandy layers.

Treated Wastewater Assessment to Optimize Agricultural Water Reuse in Al-Qatif Region Saudi Arabia Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques

“…For instance, one of the studies reported EC values ranging from 781 to 2810 μS/cm, with a mean value of 1801.7 μS/cm [19]. Another study indicated that EC values in groundwater varied from 63 to 3819 μS/cm, with the majority of wells consisting of freshwater (< 1000 μS/cm) during rainy seasons [21]. It has been stressed that in order to assure sustainable agricultural activities, the treated wastewater should meet the given quality standards by involving a close monitoring just not on the EC but also at the other variables including pH, TDS, BOD, COD, nutrient contents, etc.…”