Assessment of the rate of force development scaling factor for the hip muscles

Casartelli, Nicola C.; Lepers, Romuald; Maffiuletti, Nicola A.

doi:10.1002/mus.24229

Cited by 31 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…One of the key points of this narrative review is that rapid muscle activation—likely through the critical role of MU discharge rate—may be considered as the main determinant of RFD in the early phase of the contraction (first 50–75 ms). Thus, changes in early-phase RFD estimates associated with fatigue, training or detraining have the potential to be used as a surrogate for neural function when techniques such as EMG and twitch interpolation are not implementable, e.g., for the evaluation of specific muscle groups (such as those around the hip) (Casartelli et al 2014 ), in the applied/clinical setting. Another important point developed in our present article deals with the effectiveness of explosive-type and heavy-resistance strength training to improve the earlier (through an improvement in rapid muscle activation) and later rise in force, respectively, which have crucial implications for designing successful training and rehabilitation programs for athletes, elderly individuals and patients with different pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smaller epochs will be more sensitive to changes in the slope of the curve, but also more sensitive to unsystematic variability and thus less reliable, so thought should be given to the purpose of the measure (e.g., relevance to a functional action or physiological mechanism) before selecting an epoch. Nevertheless, peak RFD is a single metric at an inconsistent point on the force–time curve—except for brief impulse-like ballistic contractions (Bellumori et al 2011 ; Casartelli et al 2014 ; Klass et al 2008 ; Van Cutsem et al 1998 )—and thus provides a less comprehensive and standardised measure than RFD or impulse over set time periods.…”

Section: Methodological Considerations: Rfd Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations

et al. 2016

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The evaluation of rate of force development during rapid contractions has recently become quite popular for characterising explosive strength of athletes, elderly individuals and patients. The main aims of this narrative review are to describe the neuromuscular determinants of rate of force development and to discuss various methodological considerations inherent to its evaluation for research and clinical purposes. Rate of force development (1) seems to be mainly determined by the capacity to produce maximal voluntary activation in the early phase of an explosive contraction (first 50–75 ms), particularly as a result of increased motor unit discharge rate; (2) can be improved by both explosive-type and heavy-resistance strength training in different subject populations, mainly through an improvement in rapid muscle activation; (3) is quite difficult to evaluate in a valid and reliable way. Therefore, we provide evidence-based practical recommendations for rational quantification of rate of force development in both laboratory and clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Considerations: Rfd Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations

et al. 2016

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“…This scaling is attributed to increasing rates of neural activation with increase force (10,19,25,45). Derived from RFD and peak force (PF) measures from numerous force pulses performed across a wide range of submaximal amplitudes, the slope of the linear RFD-PF relationship has support as a reliable dependent measure (4,7). The slope has been shown to decrease with age (25) or following stroke (10), and it increases with power training (45).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed Cycling Intervention Improves Rate-Dependent Mobility in Older Adults

Bellumori

Uygur

Knight

2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PURPOSE The aim was to determine the feasibility of a six-week speed-based exercise program that could be used to initiate new exercise behaviors and improve rapid movement in older adults approaching frailty. METHODS The intervention group included 14 older adults (3 males, 11 females, mean (SD) age: 70 (7.6) years, height: 1.6 (.11) m, mass: 76.8 (12.0) kg, BMI: 27.7(4.7)). The control group included 12 older adults (6 males, 6 females, mean (SD) age: 69.2 (6.9) years, height: 1.7 (.09) m, mass: 78.2 (10.9) kg, BMI: 25.3 (2.7)). Subjects included active older adults, including regular exercisers, but none were engaged in sports or exercises with an emphasis on speed (e.g. cycling spin classes or tennis). Stationary recumbent cycling was selected to minimize fall risk and low pedaling resistance reduced musculoskeletal and cardiovascular load. Two weekly 30-minute exercise sessions consisted of interval training in which subjects pedaled at preferred cadence and performed ten 20-s fast cadence intervals separated by 40-s of active recovery at preferred cadence. RESULTS Significant Group by Time interactions (p<.05) supported a 2-s improvement in the timed up and go test and a 34% improvement in rapid isometric knee extension contractions in the exercise group but not in controls. Central neural adaptations are suggested because this lower extremity exercise program also elicited significant improvements in the untrained upper extremities of the exercise group (elbow extension RFD-SF and 9-Hole Peg Test, p<.05). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a relatively low dose of speed-based exercise can improve neuromuscular function and tests of mobility in older adults. Such a program serves as a sensible precursor to subsequent, more vigorous training or as an adjunct to a program where a velocity emphasis is lacking.

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“…To this aim, a protocol usually adopted to calculate the so-called RFD scaling factor (RFD-SF) provides an appealing approach ( Bellumori et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Casartelli et al, 2014 ; Djordjevic and Uygur, 2017 ). The protocol consists in a series of quick and fast (i.e., ballistic) contractions performed with different submaximal amplitudes (namely from 20 to 100% of MVCF) ( Freund and Budingen, 1978 ; Ghez and Vicario, 1978 ; Wierzbicka et al, 1991 ; Klass et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each ballistic contraction the individuals are asked to roughly reach a given submaximal force as fast as possible (the emphasis is on the quickness of the contraction rather than on the accurateness). The RFD measured in each contraction thus quantify the capacity to quickly produce submaximal force ( Bellumori et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Casartelli et al, 2014 ; Djordjevic and Uygur, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Fatigue Does Not Impair the Rate of Force Development in Ballistic Contractions of Submaximal Amplitudes

et al. 2018

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The effect of muscle fatigue on rate of force development (RFD) is usually assessed during tasks that require participants to reach as quickly as possible maximal or near-maximal force. However, endurance sports require athletes to quickly produce force of submaximal, rather than maximal, amplitudes. Thus, this study investigated the effect of muscle fatigue induced by long-distance running on the capacity to quickly produce submaximal levels of force. Twenty-one male amateur runners were evaluated before and shortly after a half-marathon race. Knee extensors force was recorded under maximal voluntary and electrically evoked contractions. Moreover, a series of ballistic contractions at different submaximal amplitudes (from 20 to 100% of maximal voluntary force) was obtained, by asking the participants to reach submaximal forces as fast as possible. The RFD was calculated for each contraction. After the race, maximal voluntary activation, resting doublet twitch, maximal force, and RFD during maximal contraction decreased (-12, -12, -21, and -19%, respectively, all P-values < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the RFD values measured during ballistic contractions up to 60% of maximal force were unaffected (all P-values > 0.4). Long-distance running impaired the capacity to quickly produce force in ballistic contractions of maximal, but not of submaximal, amplitudes. Overall, these findings suggest that central and peripheral fatigue do not affect the quickness to which muscle contracts across a wide range of submaximal forces. This is a relevant finding for running and other daily life activities that rely on the production of rapid submaximal contractions rather than maximal force levels.

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Assessment of the rate of force development scaling factor for the hip muscles

Abstract: Hip adductor, flexor, and external rotator RFD-SF can be evaluated with confidence, provided the analysis is modified for external rotators, whereas hip abductor and internal rotator RFD-SF assessment is not recommended.

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations

Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations

High-Speed Cycling Intervention Improves Rate-Dependent Mobility in Older Adults

Neuromuscular Fatigue Does Not Impair the Rate of Force Development in Ballistic Contractions of Submaximal Amplitudes

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