Assessment of the relationship between isocyanate exposure levels and occupational asthma

Tarlo, Susan M.; Liss, Gary M.; Dias, Chris; Banks, Daniel E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199711)32:5<517::aid-ajim12>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Perhaps as a consequence, indices of asthma severity at the time of diagnosis suggested milder disease in those diagnosed in the second period of the study, both for the group accepted for diisocyanate asthma and the group accepted for other causes of OA. When measured levels of diisocyanates were compared among diisocyanate-using companies who had compensated claims for OA with companies without accepted claims, the former were significantly more likely to have had a measured level of diisocyanates o0.005 parts per million [49]. This is consistent with a previous report suggesting a low rate of sensitisation in a new plant engineered to minimise exposure levels [44].…”

Section: Diisocyanatessupporting

confidence: 86%

The prevention of occupational asthma

Cullinan

Tarlo²,

Nemery³

2003

Eur Respir J

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There is sufficient understanding of the causation of occupational asthma for preventive action to be appropriate. To date, attempts appear to have been largely unsuccessful and this appears to be largely due to nonscientific/technical obstacles. These include the fragmented nature of the disease, its low public and industrial profile, and its comparative rarity in single workplaces. Nonetheless the disease has high individual and societal costs.Prevention strategies should be concentrated on workplace-exposure controls, accompanied by intense educational and managerial improvements. Methods of secondary prevention appear to be successful but require considerable refinement. Screening (out) of potential new employees is inefficient and likely to remain so; and in any case is beset by difficult ethical and legal issues.There are only a handful of published studies reporting evaluations of preventive programmes. None is entirely rigorous but each suggests that primary and secondary prevention are both feasible and highly effective. The evaluation of preventive strategies is difficult, not only because of the low incidence of the disease in individual workplaces but also because of the failure of many epidemiologists to engage in this work. Considerably more cooperation between scientists in the field, regulatory authorities and industry is required.

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Section: Diisocyanatessupporting

confidence: 86%

The prevention of occupational asthma

Cullinan

Tarlo²,

Nemery³

2003

Eur Respir J

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“…However, few studies have considered the issue of quantitative exposure response in isocyanate asthma (26). Two case-control studies demonstrated that higher exposure levels were more likely to be found in companies at which there were workers with a successful claim for occupational asthma (27) or in doctor-diagnosed asthma cases (26) than in control companies or matched control subjects from the same company, respectively. Differences in study design complicate the comparison of these studies with the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Symptoms, Sensitization, and Exposure–Response Relationships in Spray Painters Exposed to Isocyanates

Pronk¹,

Preller²,

Raulf‐Heimsoth³

et al. 2007

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

103

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Rationale: Associations between oligomeric isocyanate exposure, sensitization, and respiratory disease have received little attention, despite the extensive use of isocyanate oligomers. Objectives: To investigate exposure-response relationships of respiratory symptoms and sensitization in a large population occupationally exposed to isocyanate oligomers during spray painting. Methods: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitization was assessed in 581 workers in the spray-painting industry. Personal exposure was estimated by combining personal task-based inhalatory exposure measurements and time activity information. Specific IgE and IgG to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were assessed in serum by ImmunoCAP assay and enzyme immunoassays using vapor and liquid phase HDI-human serum albumin (HDI-HSA) and HSA conjugates prepared with oligomeric HDI. Measurements and Main Results: Respiratory symptoms were more prevalent in exposed workers than among comparison office workers. Log-linear exposure-response associations were found for asthmalike symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like symptoms, and work-related chest tightness (prevalence ratios for an interquartile range increase in exposure of 1.2, 1.3 and 2.0, respectively; P < 0.05). The prevalence of specific IgE sensitization was low (up to 4.2% in spray painters). Nevertheless, IgE to N100 (oligomeric HDI)-HSA was associated with exposure and workrelated chest tightness. The prevalence of specific IgG was higher (2-50.4%) and strongly associated with exposure. Conclusions:The results provide evidence of exposure-response relationships for both work-related and non-work-related respiratory symptoms and specific sensitization in a population exposed to oligomers of HDI. Specific IgE was found in only a minority of symptomatic individuals. Specific IgG seems to be merely an indicator of exposure.

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“…Exposure to MDI concentrations of ≥ 5 ppb (0.05 mg/m 3 ) is associated with the increased occurrence of occupational asthma (Tarlo et al 1997). In some cases of occupational asthma caused by MDI, contact urticaria was described (Kanerva et al 1999 b;Valks et al 2003;).…”

Section: Specific Hyperreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

4,4′‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) [101‐68‐8] and “polymeric” MDI (PMDI) [9016‐87‐9] [MAK Value Documentation, 2008]

2015

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Mechanism of Action Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Absorption, distribution, elimination Metabolism Binding to macromolecules/biological monitoring Effects in Humans Single exposures Repeated exposure Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive and developmental toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Animal Experiments and in vitro Studies Acute toxicity Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Manifesto (MAK value, classification)

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Assessment of the relationship between isocyanate exposure levels and occupational asthma

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

The prevention of occupational asthma

The prevention of occupational asthma

Respiratory Symptoms, Sensitization, and Exposure–Response Relationships in Spray Painters Exposed to Isocyanates

4,4′‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) [101‐68‐8] and “polymeric” MDI (PMDI) [9016‐87‐9] [MAK Value Documentation, 2008]

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