Assessment of the reliability and validity of the Comfort Scale for adult intensive care patients

Instruments to assess patient comfort during hospitalization: A psychometric review

“…This tool was based on the conceptualization of stress and posttraumatic stress and was designed as a formative questionnaire, with items concerned with environmental sources of discomfort, such as noise, light or furniture. The CS was validated to assess the comfort of adults admitted to ICU (Ashkenazy & DeKeyser‐Ganz, ), and the Psychiatric Discomfort Scale (PDS), with 23 items, was used to assess the comfort of the patients with psychiatric disorders (Betemps, ).…”

A planned admission protocol application in intensive care units

“…The severity of pain was scored on a scale of 0-10. No pain was scored '0' and unbearable pain was scored as '10' (Ashkenazy and Ganz, 2011). Because this pain evaluation scale is used for all conscious patients in the clinics at our hospital, it was suitable to use the same scale for this study.…”

“…This scale was developed by Riker et al (Ashkenazy and Ganz, 2011). This scale, which ensures simultaneous evaluation of a patients' sedation and agitation conditions, is commonly used in the ICUs (Akıncı et al, 2007).…”

“…Stimuli that arise from this discomfort increase the patient's heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure and body temperature (BT), thus negatively affecting the physiological parameters (Tate et al , ). If these negative physiological changes are not controlled and factors that cause these changes are not eliminated, patients may experience anxiety, agitation, delirium, decreased lung volume and may even die (Ma et al , ; Ashkenazy and Ganz, ).…”

Effect of using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale on duration of mechanical ventilation, type and dosage of sedation on hospitalized patients in intensive care units

“…[ 3 ] Patients’ sedation with sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizers can lead to facilitation of mechanical ventilation and treatment, decrease in patients’ physical and psychological discomfort, and anxiety control. [ 4 5 ] On the other hand, in spite of having all the above-mentioned advantages, patients’ sedation has also some problems, and has thus been reported as an issue in treating these patients.…”