Assessment of the Susceptibility to Material Fracture in the Cross-Wedge Rolling Process with Concave Tools

Abstract

The internal cracking of forgings during the cross-wedge rolling (CWR) process is a serious limitation that prevents the correct implementation of this process. The phenomenon of material cracking in the CWR process reduces the technological and application possibilities of this highly efficient process, which can produce forgings with high geometric accuracy. This article presents the results of rolling forgings at different temperatures. An analysis of the results showed that the size of the resulting material fracture in the CWR process is related to the size of the ovalisation of the cross-section of the forging formed during rolling. On the basis of the observations made, it was proposed to realise the cross-wedge rolling process with concave tools. The use of tools with a concave geometry is intended to reduce the excessive flow of material in the rolling direction, which restrains the formation of the ovalisation of the cross-section of the forging. Numerical simulations were carried out comparing the rolling with flat tools and concave tools with different radii of the curvature. The results show that the use of concave tools reduces the ovality of the cross-section of the forging during rolling and reduces the value of the normalised Cockcroft–Latham (CL) fracture criterion.

The Application of Finite Element Method for Analysis of Cross-Wedge Rolling Processes—A Review

“…In later studies, the normalized Cockcroft–Latham criterion was frequently employed in numerical investigations of CWR processes. For instance, Xia et al [ 26 ] investigated the material fracture mechanism in warm CWR of 42CrMo steel shafts, while Bulzak [ 27 ] demonstrated that the likelihood of material fracture could be reduced when the CWR process was conducted with concave tools.…”