Assessment of the tools to monitor air pollution in the Spanish ports system

Bermúdez, Federico Martín; Laxe, Fernando González; Aguayo-Lorenzo, Eva

doi:10.1007/s11869-019-00684-x

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous studies have proved that obtaining air quality information by deploying a large number of detectors is a prerequisite and necessary condition for air quality assessment and improvement [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. However, strong correlations may exist between the PM 10 concentration data measured by devices arranged within a specific range [ 38 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform

Feng

Shen

Yang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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To analyze the time–frequency characteristics of the particulate matter (PM10) concentration, data series measured at dry bulk ports were used to determine the contribution of various factors during different periods to the PM10 concentration level so as to support the formulation of air quality improvement plans around port areas. In this study, the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method was used to analyze the time–frequency characteristics of the PM10 concentration data series measured at three different sites at the Xinglong Port of Zhenjiang, China, over three months. The HHT method consists of two main stages, namely, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectrum analysis (HSA), where the EMD technique is used to pre-process the HSA in order to determine the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components of the raw data series. The results show that the periods of the IMF components exhibit significant differences, and the short-period IMF component provides a modest contribution to all IMF components. Using HSA technology for these IMF components, we discovered that the variations in the amplitude of the PM10 concentration over time and frequency are discrete, and the range of this variation is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band. We inferred that long-term influencing factors determine the PM10 concentration level in the port, and short-term influencing factors determine the difference in concentration data at different sites. Therefore, when formulating PM10 emission mitigation strategies, targeted measures must be implemented according to the period of the different influencing factors. The results of this study can help guide recommendations for port authorities when formulating the optimal layout of measurement devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform

Feng

Shen

Yang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Nonetheless, there is an important paradox, because even though the relevance of an environmental management of ports is well known [5][6][7], the pressure to ensure competitiveness and globalization [8] represents a managerial stress; that is to say, the need to prioritize the environment sometimes prevents ports from maintaining economic efficiency [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that economic efficiency achieves its ideal target when ports have a high pro-environmental attitude, implementing proactive green policies [9]. The importance of knowing about external pressures on issues related to environmental management [5,12] and economic efficiency [7,9,10] is also widely recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environmental sustainability of ports is at the same time relevant and complex, as it has been explained: although the environmental management of ports is recognized [5,7], there still exists pressure to ensure competitiveness and globalization [8]. In this context, this article proposes, in a three-stage research project and from an economic and operational perspective, to analyze the relationships between environmental expenses, the improvements achieved in five environmental variables analyzed and the efficiency of ports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Disclosure: Study on Efficiency and Alignment with Environmental Priorities of Spanish Ports

2021

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The purpose of this article is to analyze, in a three-stage research project and from an economic an operational perspective, the relationships between environmental expenses, the improvements achieved in five environmental variables analyzed and efficiency. To achieve these objectives, we analyze sustainability reports and economic data from 24 Spanish ports. The three aforementioned stages of this research are the following: first, the analysis of the sustainability reports to determine the level of information; second, the analysis of the economic and operational efficiency; and, third, the analysis of the alignment with the environmental priorities of the Eco Ports-ESPO (European Sea Ports Organization). The results reveal that (1) the type of traffic does not affect environmental actions; (2) environmental performance (improvements) depends on environmental expenditures; (3) environmental spending and efficiency in port operations are correlated; and (4) environmental spending and port economic efficiency are correlated. The research can contribute to the decision-making process of port managers by revealing that the alignment with the EcoPorts priorities can be important to direct the environmental performance of the ports towards the global interests revealed in this indicator. It also reveals that environmental expenditures and investments may be related to environmental performance and economic and operational efficiency. However, it also reveals that it is important to improve the extent of environmental disclosure to better explain the qualitative and monetary characteristics of each piece of information provided about environmental performance.

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“…Considering the potential effects on the health of nearby residents [12][13][14][15], the environmental impact of port activities has become one of the main challenges of port development [16]. This fact has compelled the need to monitor PM concentrations in and near dry bulk ports, to design mitigation measures aimed at the green and sustainable development of the port [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distribution of Particulates within the Near-Surface Layer of Dry Bulk Port and Influence Mechanism: A Case Study in China

et al. 2019

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Knowing the vertical distribution of ambient particulate matter (PM) will help port authorities choose the optimal dust-suppression measures to reduce PM concentrations. In this study, we used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess the vertical distribution (0-120 m altitude) of PM in a dry bulk port along the Yangtze River, China. Total suspended particulates (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations at different altitudes were measured at seven sites representing different cargo-handling sites and a background site. Variations in results across sites make it not suitable to characterize the vertical distribution of PM concentration at this port using simple representative distributions. Bulk cargo particle size, fog cannon use, and porous fence all affected the vertical distribution of TSP concentrations but had only minor impacts on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. Optimizing porous fence layout according to weather conditions and cargo demand at port have the most potential for mitigating PM pollution related to port operation. As ground-based stations cannot fully measure vertical PM distributions, our methods and results represent an advance in assessing the impact of port activities on air quality and can be used to determine optimal dust-suppression measures for dry bulk ports.

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Assessment of the tools to monitor air pollution in the Spanish ports system

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform

Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform

Environmental Disclosure: Study on Efficiency and Alignment with Environmental Priorities of Spanish Ports

Vertical Distribution of Particulates within the Near-Surface Layer of Dry Bulk Port and Influence Mechanism: A Case Study in China

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