Assessment of the Undrained Response of Sands under Limited and Complete Liquefaction

Piles in fully liquefied soils with lateral spread

“…The details of the SW model technique in layered soils (sand and clay) are presented by Ashour et al [42]. Thereafter, Ashour and Norris [43] presented the laterally loaded piles in soils with limited liquefaction using the soil constitutive model presented by Ashour et al [24]. The characterization of a pile in liquefied soil with lateral spread is shown in Fig.…”

“…Based on experimental data, Ashour et al [24] extended the formulation of the basic technique to consider the cyclic loading that reduces the effective consolidation confining pressure from r 3c (= r yo ) to r 3c c causing developing (or limited) soil liquefaction with r u < 1. For completely liquefied soil (i.e.…”

“…In addition to fully liquefied soils, the concepts of the presented approach also allow the prediction of the undrained stress-strain constitutive relationship of saturated sands with limited and no liquefaction [24,32].…”

“…Compared to other liquefied soil models, the procedure used to develop the constitutive model presented in this study for fully liquefied sands (i.e. dilative behavior) can be also utilized to account for both contractive and dilative behavior of sands in limited liquefaction state [24] (r u < 1, Fig. 2).…”

“…Based on the experimental technique developed by Norris et al [29] and then formulated by Ashour and Norris [32], Ashour et al [24] developed a set of equations to assess the undrained stressstrain relationship of sand under monotonic loading where the sand was initially in the state of limited liquefaction (r u < 1) as a result of cyclic loading (Fig. 2).…”