Assessment of the Water Quality Index in the Semani River in Albania

Abstract

Nowadays the human activity has increased the pressure on surface water quality. The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental quality of the Seman River water (in Southern part of Albania) through a 5-year monitoring program of 14 parameters (pH, DO, EC, TSS, Cl − , 3 NO − , Total-N, Total-P, BOD 5 , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ and Temp. ˚C), that determine the environmental status of this waterbody, as well as the application of WQI (CCME) through a multivariable approach. Based on the cluster dendogram results, it can be concluded that during wet seasons such as winter-spring, there are more sediments which influence other physic-chemical parameters, while during dry seasons (summer-autumn) there are more decomposition reactions of elements released by sediments and influenced by temperature. PCA analysis determines whether the groups of factors correlate strongly or not, depending on the internal structures of the groups and variables "heavy" or latent and vary from season to season with differentiated contributions to the water quality. All three factors influence WQI to the extent of 56% in the summer and spring season and 64% and 40% in the autumn and winter season, respectively.

Study of Water Quality Status of <i>Dendam Tak Sudah</i> Lake in Bengkulu City, Indonesia: Using CCME Index

“…An increase in non-point sources originating from urbanization caused by population growth and changes in urban land cover around the lake also contributed to the rise in BOD and COD [28,29]. In general, it can be said that this parameter is related to anthropogenic activity because it is close to residential areas with lakes [3]. The detergent parameters analysis in DDTS from March 2018-March 2019 ranged from 0.066-0.622 mg/L (Fig.…”

“…Pollution that occurs in various types of water bodies often causes negative impacts and significant losses, and can even be related to public health. Various anthropogenic activities, including land use and utilization on the surrounding, can change and/or becomes a pressure to the the water quality [3][4][5]. Lakes for example, are vulnerable to eutrophication, mainly due to the agricultural activities [4].…”

Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Albanian Shkumbini River's Waters Using Water Quality Index Model

“…Sulce et al (2018) provide a basic review of the problems with the quality of Albania's surface and ground water and talk about the origins and controlling mechanisms. With the help of principal component analysis and cluster dendogram, Zela et al (2020) assess the environmental quality of the Seman River water in Southern Albania. This work was completed utilising a five-year monitoring scheme that included 14 factors to assess the waterbody's environmental condition.…”