Assessment of treated vs untreated oil spills. Final report

Wilson, Monica

doi:10.2172/6556816

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A limited number of water samples were further screened for total estrogenic activity using the T47D-KBluc cell line, which is stably transfected with an ERα-reporter gene construct. 22 Samples were tested in triplicate, independent wells. The full methodology for this bioassay is available in the SI.…”

Section: In Vitro Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

An “EAR” on Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring: A Case Study on the Use of Exposure–Activity Ratios (EARs) to Prioritize Sites, Chemicals, and Bioactivities of Concern in Great Lakes Waters

Blackwell

Ankley

Corsi

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

137

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Current environmental monitoring approaches focus primarily on chemical occurrence. However, based on concentration alone, it can be difficult to identify which compounds may be of toxicological concern and should be prioritized for further monitoring, in-depth testing, or management. This can be problematic because toxicological characterization is lacking for many emerging contaminants. New sources of high-throughput screening (HTS) data, such as the ToxCast database, which contains information for over 9000 compounds screened through up to 1100 bioassays, are now available. Integrated analysis of chemical occurrence data with HTS data offers new opportunities to prioritize chemicals, sites, or biological effects for further investigation based on concentrations detected in the environment linked to relative potencies in pathway-based bioassays. As a case study, chemical occurrence data from a 2012 study in the Great Lakes Basin along with the ToxCast effects database were used to calculate exposure-activity ratios (EARs) as a prioritization tool. Technical considerations of data processing and use of the ToxCast database are presented and discussed. EAR prioritization identified multiple sites, biological pathways, and chemicals that warrant further investigation. Prioritized bioactivities from the EAR analysis were linked to discrete adverse outcome pathways to identify potential adverse outcomes and biomarkers for use in subsequent monitoring efforts.

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Section: In Vitro Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

An “EAR” on Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring: A Case Study on the Use of Exposure–Activity Ratios (EARs) to Prioritize Sites, Chemicals, and Bioactivities of Concern in Great Lakes Waters

Blackwell

Ankley

Corsi

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

137

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Laboratory Effectiveness Testing of Oil Spill Dispersants

Fingas¹,

Kyle²,

Wang³

et al. 1995

The Use of Chemicals in Oil Spill Response

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Dispersant effectiveness tests are reviewed. Studies have been conducted of the variances among several standard regulatory tests. Three main causes of differences have been identified, oil-to-water ratio, settling time and energy. Energy can be partially compensated for in high energy tests by correcting for natural dispersion. With this correction and with high oil-to-water ratios and a settling time of at least 10 minutes, five apparatuses yield very similar results for a variety of oils and dispersants. Recent studies into the energy variation of dispersant tests show that the energy level varies in many apparatuses. The repeatability of energy levels in apparatus is largely responsible for the variation in dispersant effectiveness values in certain apparatus. Studies of analytical procedures show that traditional extraction and analysis methods cause a bias to results. Methods to overcome these difficulties are presented.

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Dispersant Effectiveness: Studies into the Causes of Effectiveness Variations

Fingas

Kyle²,

Tennyson³

1995

The Use of Chemicals in Oil Spill Response

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Effectiveness, a key issue of using dispersants, is affected by many interrelated factors. The principal factors involved are the oil composition, dispersant formulation, sea surface turbulence and dispersant quantity. Oil composition is a very strong determinant. Current dispersant formulation effectiveness correlates strongly with the amount of saturate component in the oil. The other components of the oil, the asphaltenes, resins or polars and aromatic fractions show a negative correlation with the dispersant effectiveness. Viscosity is also a predictor of dispersant effectiveness and may have an effect because it is in turn determined by oil composition. Dispersant composition is significant and interacts with oil composition. Dispersants show high effectiveness at HLB values near 10. Sea turbulence strongly affects dispersant effectiveness. Effectiveness rises with increasing turbulence to a maximum value. Effectiveness for current commercial dispersants is gaussian around a peak salinity value. Peak effectiveness is achieved at very high dispersant quantities - at a ratio of 1:5, dispersant-to-oil volume. Dispersant effectiveness for those oils tested and under the conditions measured, is approximately logarithmic with dispersant quantity and will reach about 50% of its peak value at a dispersant to oil ratio of about 1:20 and near zero at a ratio of about 1:50.

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Assessment of treated vs untreated oil spills. Final report

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

An “EAR” on Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring: A Case Study on the Use of Exposure–Activity Ratios (EARs) to Prioritize Sites, Chemicals, and Bioactivities of Concern in Great Lakes Waters

An “EAR” on Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring: A Case Study on the Use of Exposure–Activity Ratios (EARs) to Prioritize Sites, Chemicals, and Bioactivities of Concern in Great Lakes Waters

Laboratory Effectiveness Testing of Oil Spill Dispersants

Dispersant Effectiveness: Studies into the Causes of Effectiveness Variations

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