Assessment of Tundish Process Performance at Industrial Scale

Role of Gas Aspiration through Ladle Shroud and Influence on Tundish Hydrodynamic Performances: A Physical and Mathematical Modeling Study

“…Special steel plants in India [3][4][5] 7-25 show relatively smaller nitrogen pick up (≈5 ppm) because beyond 200 s or so, shroud tip is completely submerged, and steel-air interaction in tundish tends to cease completely. [4] The latter value of nitrogen pickup can, therefore, be solely attributed to air-steel interaction in ladle shroud and hence applied toward a first-hand estimate of volumetric gas aspiration rate in shroud, relative to liquid flow rate (i.e., Q g /Q L ).…”

“…Aspiration, rather than no aspiration of gases, is common during ladle to tundish transfer of melt in continuous casting, and the phenomenon is known to manifest in terms of "increased total nitrogen (as well as oxygen) content" of liquid steel between ladle and tundish. [2][3][4][5] The phenomena of aspiration and the resulting two-phase flows in the ladle shroud have been investigated at length by many investigators. [5][6][7][8][9] Thus, while Chatterjee et al [10] and Mukherjee et al [11] have investigated the role of gas aspiration on the characteristics of the tundish slag "eye," Tao et al [12] Zhang et al [13] and Solorio-Diaz et al [14] on the other hand, studied inclusion removal in the tundish via controlled gas injection (injection rate <0.50% of the liquid flow rate) via ladle shroud.…”

Alumina Nucleation, Growth Kinetics, and Morphology: A Review

“…[1][2][3] However, steel reoxidation with oxidized slags in the ladle furnace, air aspiration through the plates of the sliding valve, or during the transfer operations of steel from the ladle to the tundish and finally to the mold, renders calcium a less effective measure to control the clogging. At the casting time, the signals of incoming nozzle clogging are the aluminum fading [4,5] and the pickup of nitrogen [6,7] from the ladle to the mold.…”