Assessment of two feeds on survival, proximate composition, and amino acid carbon isotope discrimination in hatchery-reared Chinook salmon

Rogers, Matthew; Bare, R.; Gray, Andrew K.; Scott-Moelder, Taylor; Heintz, Ron A.

doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2019.06.001

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For the carbon CSIA‐AA, our results generally agree with those of other studies that have investigated AA ∆ 13 C values in teleost fish 37,44 . These studies found that the ∆ 13 C values for the AA ESS Ile, Leu and Phe were not significantly different from 0 37,44 . In our study, however, the ∆ 13 C value for Ile was significantly different from 0 for Juvenile Krill; the ∆ 13 C value for Leu was significantly different from 0 for both Juvenile Krill and Adult Biofeed; and the Phe ∆ 13 C value was significantly different from 0 for Juvenile Krill.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some AAs displayed a high or variable 13 C TEFs. Similar to Rogers et al, 44 our study found that Gly had a large ∆ 13 C value, although this was not evenly distributed across the three treatments. This large discrepancy between diets is comparable with other studies that have found Gly to have a high TEF or even a negative TEF 37 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The results from our experiments derive a Glu‐Phe TDF of 7.06‰ and, using a multi‐AA approach, a TDF of 6.67‰. Finally, for carbon CSIA‐AA, our study supports the work of Rogers et al 44 in promoting Ile, Leu, Phe as AAs useful for diet tracing while suggesting Tyr and Met as additional AA options. This study also suggests that His is unviable as an AA for CSIA‐AA diet tracing purposes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…For example, assuming a zooplankton (TL 2) baseline δ 15 N value of 8‰ and a Chinook salmon with a δ 15 N value of 13‰, a ∆ 15 N value of 3.4 yields a trophic level of 3.47 while a ∆ 15 N value of 2.7 yields a trophic level of 3.85, nearly a half a trophic level difference. More recently, Rogers et al 44 derived AA ∆ 13 C values for juvenile Chinook. The AA ESS phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine had ∆ 13 C values of 0, supporting the use of these AA ESS as conservative tracers of source material in a diet study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimentally derived trophic enrichment and discrimination factors for Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Lerner

Forster

Hunt

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Stable isotope analysis (SIA) can provide important insights into food web structure and is a widely used tool in ecological conservation and management. It has recently been augmented by compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA), an innovation that can provide greater precision when analyzing trophic level and food web connectivity. The utility of SIA rests on confidence in its constituent parameters such as the trophic enrichment factor (TEF). There is increasing emphasis on the need to experimentally derive species and tissue specific TEFs for studies utilizing SIA. Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, is a species with high potential for study using SIA due to the difficulty in observing its ecology during its marine phase and the significance of the conservation consequences of recent population declines. Methods Bulk and amino acid‐specific TEFs were determined for juvenile and adult Chinook salmon fed specific diets. Three controlled feeding studies were performed: adult salmon were fed a biofeed, juvenile salmon were fed a biofeed, and juvenile salmon were fed krill. Bulk and compound‐specific stable isotope data were collected from diet samples and from salmon muscle tissue after a minimum of 8 weeks of controlled feeding. Bulk isotope signatures were measured using EA‐IRMS and CSIA‐AA signatures using GC/C‐IRMS, allowing the TEFs to be calculated. Results The bulk isotope TEFs were higher than those predicted for similar marine organisms and averaged 3.5‰ for ∆15N and 1.3‰ for ∆13C. The TEFs derived for nitrogen isotopes of amino acids were in line with expectations for this approach: the mean value for ∆15NGlu − ∆15NPhe was 7.06‰ and, using a multi‐AA approach, the value for ∆15NTrophic − ∆15NSource was 6.67‰. For carbon isotopes of amino acids, the derived TEFs of Iso, Leu and Phe were near 0‰, as was that of Met, supporting their use of as source amino acids in future CSIA studies. Conclusions This study presents Chinook salmon‐specific TEFs for bulk and amino acid SIA. It supports the application of future research applying SIA to the study of Chinook salmon and validates previous research on species‐specific TEFs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%