Assessment of Using 99Mo and 99mTc Isotopes in Kuwait Medical Sector

Ali, Naser

doi:10.1097/hp.0000000000000413

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is important to note that almost all carbon-based nanomaterials, including CNTs, NDs, and graphene, are toxic and that the level of their toxicity increases with the decrease in their size [ 473 ]. Moreover, it is important that the reader distinguish between the safety aspect of nanomaterials that are used as medication (or for inner body diagnostic) and those used for other non-medical applications [ 110 , 474 , 475 , 476 , 477 ]. The first are safe and non-toxic when transferred to the human body in the appropriate way, whereas the second have high health risks and should be dealt with safety precautions.…”

Section: Environmental Consideration and Potential Health Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanofluids have opened the doors towards the enhancement of many of today’s existing thermal applications performance. This is because these advanced working fluids exhibit exceptional thermophysical properties, and thus making them excellent candidates for replacing conventional working fluids. On the other hand, nanomaterials of carbon-base were proven throughout the literature to have the highest thermal conductivity among all other types of nanoscaled materials. Therefore, when these materials are homogeneously dispersed in a base fluid, the resulting suspension will theoretically attain orders of magnitude higher effective thermal conductivity than its counterpart. Despite this fact, there are still some challenges that are associated with these types of fluids. The main obstacle is the dispersion stability of the nanomaterials, which can lead the attractive properties of the nanofluid to degrade with time, up to the point where they lose their effectiveness. For such reason, this work has been devoted towards providing a systematic review on nanofluids of carbon-base, precisely; carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds, and their employment in thermal systems commonly used in the energy sectors. Firstly, this work reviews the synthesis approaches of the carbon-based feedstock. Then, it explains the different nanofluids fabrication methods. The dispersion stability is also discussed in terms of measuring techniques, enhancement methods, and its effect on the suspension thermophysical properties. The study summarizes the development in the correlations used to predict the thermophysical properties of the dispersion. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of these advanced working fluids on parabolic trough solar collectors, nuclear reactor systems, and air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Lastly, the current gap in scientific knowledge is provided to set up future research directions.

show abstract