Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

Vičič, Vid; Kukec, Andreja; Kugler, Saša; Geršak, Ksenija; Osredkar, Joško; Mikuš, Ruža Pandel

doi:10.3390/nu14245349

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Lower doses, or smaller duration of use, decrease the efficacy of these strategies, resulting in sufficiency rates < 50%, especially when small doses are used for short periods of time (e.g., use of mean daily doses ≤ 1200 IU for <12 months leads to sufficiency in 28.4% of our subjects). This is consistent with the results of a recent meta-analysis, which highlighted that a longer duration of therapy or higher amounts of vitamin D supplements increase the likelihood of achieving vitamin D sufficiency in postmenopausal women [ 27 ]. The commonly used on/off strategies, where patients are placed on therapy for some months, only to resume therapy a few months or years later, appear completely ineffective in maintaining the vitamin D concentrations within the reference range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data

Paparodis,

Bantouna,

Karvounis

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background: Vitamin D testing (VDT) and supplement use (VDS) are on the rise, but most patients remain deficient (<30 ng/mL-VDD). We designed the present real-world study to assess this paradox. Methods: We reviewed data from all patients visiting our clinics between 2014 and 2022. We estimated the rate of patients with vitamin D adequacy (≥30 ng/mL) (VDA) by year and month of testing, the dose of VDS (low (≤1200 IU/day), medium (1201–3000 I/day) and high dose (>3000 IU/day)), intake duration (short-term (<12 months) and long-term use (≥12 months)), and timing of use (current use, former use, no use). Results: We enrolled n = 6912 subjects with vitamin D measurements: n = 5195 females (75.2%), age 44.0 ± 16.8 years, BMI 27.9 ± 6.5 kg/m2; never users: n = 5553 (80.3%), former users: n = 533 (7.7%), current users: n = 826 (12.0%). Current use of VDS was higher in females. VDT rose from 42.1% in 2014 to 92.7% in 2022, and VDA rose from 14.8% to 25.5% for the same time. VDA was found overall in n = 1511 (21.9%); Never users: n = 864 (15.6%), Former users: n = 123 (23.2%); and Current users: n = 370 (44.8%). The maximal VDA (67.9%) was found in subjects using high-dose VDS in the long term. Conclusions: Despite the significant rise in VDT and VDS use, VDA was found in a minority of patients. Prolonged use of high-dose supplements produces modest improvements in VDA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data

Paparodis,

Bantouna,

Karvounis

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Compared with the results of Hribar et al (NUTRIHEALTH study, February-April 2019) ( 12 ), Vičič et al ( 11 ) found that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) in the adult population was much lower: 24.4% compared with 81.6%. Similarly, the prevalence of insufficient 25(OH)D levels (<75 nmol/L) was much lower: 67.6% compared with 98.0% This can be explained by supplement use, which was much higher than in the NUTRIHEALTH study (61.4% compared with 8.8%, respectively) ( 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In a study by Vičič et al ( 11 ) (March-May 2021), vitamin D status in Slovenian premenopausal and postmenopausal women was assessed. One of the main findings was that premenopausal women had 11.8% lower total 25(OH)D and 32.2% lower bioavailable 25(OH)D. Additionally, significant predictors of vitamin D status were identified, of which supplemental vitamin D intake was most important (r (175)=0.56, p<0.001), followed by time spent outside (r (175)=0.23, p [0.003]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Supplementation During COVID-19 Lockdown and After 20 Months: Follow-Up Study on Slovenian Women Aged Between 44 and 66

VIČIČ,

PANDEL MIKUŠ

2023

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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Introduction The main objective was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vitamin D supplementation habits and their changes in the follow-up, 20 months after the study in Slovenian premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2021. 176 healthy women aged 44 to 65 from the Central Slovenian region were included in the final analysis. Vitamin D status was determined by measuring 25(OH)D concentration. After 20 months an online follow-up questionnaire was sent out, to which 123 participants responded with complete data. Results Between March and May 2021, 61% of the participants were supplementing vitamin D. 55% of the supplementers and 88% of the non-supplementers had insufficient levels (total 25(OH)D <75 nmol/L). After 20 months in the follow-up, it was found that 62% of participants were taking vitamin D supplements, but only 70% of those who had initially reported taking supplements were still doing so. In the follow-up 61% of participants stated that they started or increased vitamin D intake due to COVID-19. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation increased 7-fold compared to pre-pandemic levels and remained at a high level after 20 months. However, a significant number of participants discontinued supplementation, and only one-fifth were taking vitamin D throughout the entire year. Supplementation is effective for vitamin D deficiency prevention only at the individual level, however due to low compliance it should not be the only strategy for preventing vitamin D deficiency in the population.

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“…Therefore, measuring bioavailable or free 25(OH)D might be more advantageous in certain populations. A study of vitamin D status among women was conducted in Slovenia ( 24 ) . The vitamin D status was determined by measuring the total 25(OH)D concentration, DBP and albumin and calculating the bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D. For the calculation of bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, a new online calculator was developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of free, bioavailable and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with neonatal birth anthropometry and calcium homoeostasis in mother–child pairs in a sunny Mediterranean region

Fakhoury,

Arabi,

Tamim

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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Sufficient vitamin D status is crucial for successful pregnancy and fetal development. The assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations is commonly used to evaluate vitamin D status. Additionally, bioavailable 25(OH)D, encompassing both free and albumin-bound fractions, is considered significant for pregnancy-related outcomes. However, limited research has been conducted on the correlation between free and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations and neonatal parameters. Our objective was to examine the interrelated biodynamics of maternal and neonatal total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D in maternal-neonatal dyads at birth, and their associations with homeostasis and neonatal birth anthropometry. We analyzed a cohort of 70 full-term mother-child pairs. At birth, we evaluated maternal and neonatal concentrations of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D, as well as calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations. Additionally, we assessed neonatal anthropometric profiles, including birth weight, head circumference, chest circumference, and abdomen circumference. We found positive associationsbetween all neonatal measures of vitamin D status [total – free 25(OH)D: beta coefficient (β) 6.10 (95% CI, 4.92,7.28)], total-bioavailable 25(OH)D: 6.48 (95% CI, 4.92,8.04)]. Maternal forms exhibited a similar patternof association, except for the bioavailable maternal form. In multivariate analysis, both total and free maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were correlated with all neonatal forms [neonatal total 25(OH)D: 1.29 (95% CI, 1.12,1.46) for maternal total 25(OH)D, 10.89 (8.16,13.63) for maternal free 25(OH)D], [neonatal free 25(OH)D: 0.15 for maternal total 25(OH)D, 1.28 (95% CI, 0.89,1.68) for maternal free 25(OH)D], and [0.13 (95% CI, 0.10, 0.16), 1.06 (95% CI, 0.68,1.43) for maternal free 25(OH)D], respectively, with the exclusion of the bioavailable maternal form. We observed no significant interactions within or between groups regarding maternal and neonatal vitamin D parameters and maternal calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations, except for a borderline association between neonatal bioavailable 25(OH)D and albumin-adjusted neonatal calcium concentrations. Additionally, we found no significant association between maternal-neonatal vitamin D forms and neonatal birth anthropometry. Our study indicates that bioavailable maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D have no significant effects on vitamin D equilibrium, calcium homeostasis, and neonatal anthropometry at birth. However, we observed a remarkable biodynamic interaction between maternal and neonatal total and free 25(OH)D concentrations at the maternal-neonatal interface, with no associations observed with other calciotropic or anthropometric outcomes.

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Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data

Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data

Vitamin D Supplementation During COVID-19 Lockdown and After 20 Months: Follow-Up Study on Slovenian Women Aged Between 44 and 66

Associations of free, bioavailable and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with neonatal birth anthropometry and calcium homoeostasis in mother–child pairs in a sunny Mediterranean region

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