Assessment of Water Buffer Capacity of Two Morphometrically Different, Degraded, Urban Lakes

Abstract

The research was conducted in Karczemne Lake (area, 40.4 ha; maximum (max.) depth, 3.2 m) and Klasztorne Małe Lake (area, 13.7 ha; max. depth, 20.0 m) located in the Kashubian Lake District (Northern Poland). From the beginning of the 1950s, these reservoirs have received municipal and storm wastewater. The long-term process of lake contamination has shaped the specific buffer capacity conditions and influenced the circulation of carbonate and bicarbonate in the water of these ecosystems. Extremely high concentrations of nutrients (Karczemne Lake: max. total phosphorous (TP) level, 7.5 mg P L−1; max. total nitrogen (TN) level, 5.6 mg N L−1; Klasztorne Małe Lake: max. TP level, 20.6 mg P L−1; max. TN level, 43.3 mg N L−1) have caused very intensive primary production processes (Karczemne Lake: max. chlorophyll-a level, 193.40 µg m−3; max. Secchi disc visibility, 0.85 m; Klasztorne Małe Lake: max. chlorophyll-a level, 160.01 µg m−3; max. Secchi disc visibility, 1.15 m). In the polymictic Karczemne Lake, the pH value of all water columns exceeded 10.0 (max. pH, 10.41), and in the meromictic Klasztorne Małe Lake, the pH of the surface water layers oscillated around 9.5. In the polymictic Karczemne Lake, despite intensive photosynthesis, the calcium content and alkalinity were similar throughout the whole water column due to constant circulation. In the meromictic Klasztorne Małe Lake, during the growing season, a decrease in calcium concentration and alkalinity of the surface water layers and an increase in calcium concentration at the bottom were noted.

The Influence of Various Restoration Techniques on the Content of Selected Ions in Water of an Urban Lake

“…The more intensive the primary production, the clearer the difference in the alkalinity and Ca content between the surface and the bottom. A similar situation was recorded by Grochowska [80] for the degraded Lake Klasztorne Małe.…”

Morphology and Ecological Characteristics of Paracyclops Novenarius Reid, 1987: A Cyclopoid Copepod Inhabiting a Highly Contaminated Aquifer in Central-North of Mexico

“…Water temperature and dissolved oxygen are variables inversely related (Lewis 1987; Khani and Rajaee 2017; Koralay et al 2018); nevertheless, in this study, a direct relationship was observed, these variations might be explained more by biological effects (photosynthesis-respiration) than by physical aspects (Cervantes-Martínez and Gutiérrez-Aguirre 2015). pH values were closer to the neutrality, probably due to the limestone buffer, according to Razo et al (2004) and Grochowska (2020). The electrical conductivity recorded in this work (3247-3407 µS/cm 3 ) is characteristic of freshwater systems in central-north Mexico due to the dominant processes of evaporation and salt precipitation (Alcocer and Escobar 1996).…”

Chemometrics of the Environment: Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Lioua plain (North Africa) using Time Series and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

“…The presence of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate contributes carbonate ions to the buffering system. Alkalinity is commonly related to hardness, as the main alkalinity source often comes from carbonate rocks (limestone), made up mostly of CaCO3 [58,59]. It is known that the process of buffering calcite is dominant in the pH range of 6.5-7.5 [60].…”