Assessment of water pollution in different bleaching based paper manufacturing and textile dyeing industries in India

Ranganathan, K.; Jeyapaul, S.; Sharma, Diwakar

doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9628-z

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Organic soluble components from raw materials and chemicals used in the processes contribute to a higher Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Adsorbable Halogenated Compounds (AOX) (RANGANATHAN et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Water Reduction in Kraft Pulp Washing in Ecf Bleaching

2016

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-The main objective of this work was to study the technical viability of using the cellulose bleaching effluent, at several stages of the process, seeking fresh water reduction in pulp washing, and evaluating its effect on pulp quality. Eucalyptus spp. industrial cellulosic pulp with oxygen was used in this experiment. The same bleaching sequence D(E+P)DP was performed ten times, under the same conditions (temperature, consistency and time). Counter current washing was used in the bleaching stages, and each sequence was carried out with different washing factors: 9, 6, 3, 0 m³ of distilled water/ton of pulp, trying to reach brightness of 92 ± 0,5% ISO. The ten sequences sought to achieve the stability of the effluent organic load, measured by the chemical oxygen demand (COD). Then, the COD results were compared to the brightness ones from the bleached pulp. The evaluated results from the ten sequences and four different washings showed an increasing in COD due to the organic load accumulation, resulting from the reuse of effluent from previous sequences. This COD increasing provided the lower brightness results during the cycles, besides the water reduction, evidencing the necessity of washing between bleaching stages. In this study, the obtained result for the pulp washing up to 3m³/t was tolerable and even recommended. On the other hand, the pulp without any washing (0m³/t), due to the lack of enough brightness, it is commercially unviable.Keywords: Pulp; Bleaching; Eucalyptus.O EFEITO DA REDUÇÃO DE ÁGUA NA LAVAGEM DA POLPA KRAFT NO BRANQUEAMENTO ECF RESUMO -O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade técnica de se usar o efluente da lavagem do branqueamento da celulose, nas diversas etapas do processo, visando uma redução no consumo de água fresca na lavagem da polpa avaliando seu efeito na qualidade da polpa. Foi utilizada polpa celulósica industrial de Eucalyptus spp. deslignificada com oxigênio. Foi feita a mesma sequência de branqueamento D(E+P)DP dez vezes, nas mesmas condições (temperatura, consistência e tempo). Utilizou-se a lavagem em contra-corrente nos estágios de branqueamento, cada sequência foi feita com um diferente fator de lavagem: 9, 6, 3 e 0 m³ de água destilada por tonelada de polpa, buscando atingir a alvura de 92 ± 0,5% ISO. As dez sequências realizadas foram uma busca da estabilidade da carga orgânica do efluente medida pela DQO e então comparados os resultados da DQO com os resultados da alvura da polpa já branqueada. Os resultados avaliados das dez sequências e nas quatro diferentes lavagens mostrou o aumento da DQO por causa do acúmulo da matéria orgânica decorrente da reutilização dos efluentes das sequências anteriores. Este aumento da DQO fez com que os resultados da alvura baixassem durante os ciclos e também na redução da água de lavagem, provando a necessidade de que haja lavagem entre os estágios de branqueamento. Neste trabalho o resultado da lavagem até 3m³/t de polpa foi tolerável e ainda recomendável, já para a polpa sem lavagem (0m³/t de p...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Water Reduction in Kraft Pulp Washing in Ecf Bleaching

2016

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“…Approximately 10 to 15% of the 700 000 tons of dyes produced annually worldwide are disposed of in effluents of dyeing processes (Gupta and Suhas, 2009;Hai et al, 2007;Husain, 2006;Riera-Torres et al, 2010). Textile industries typically generate 200 to 350 m 3 of wastewater per ton of finished product (Gonzálvez-Zafrilla et al, 2008;Ranganathan et al, 2007), resulting in an average pollution of 100 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) per ton of fabric (Jekel, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives on Ozone‐Based Decomposition of Reactive Black 5 and Direct Red 28 Dyes

Pérez¹,

Poznyak²,

Chairez³

2013

Water Environment Research

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In this research, ozonation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Direct Red 28 (DR28) under the presence of Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 used as textile additives was investigated. The effect of these salts on discoloration, degradation dynamics, and the composition of the final compounds were studied. Different systems were evaluated; such as RB5-Na2SO4 (100 g/L), RB5-Na2CO3 (30 g/L), RB5-Na2SO4/Na2CO3 (100 g/ L/30 g/L), and DR28-Na2SO4 (10 g/L, 40 g/L, and 80 g/L) with dye concentrations of 50, 150, and 250 mg/L without pH adjustment. Discoloration of RB5 and DR28 with and without additives was determined by visible and UV (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Decomposition of the dyes and the dynamics of intermediates and final byproducts were followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The presence of additives accelerated discoloration and decomposition for both dyes (more than 50%). The accumulation of oxalic and formic acids was observed. Possible mechanism schemes of ozonation for both dyes are proposed.

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“…For many years, this process used co-solvents, such as lowmolecular-weight alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids. The extensive use of TPM dyes produces big wastewater volumes (200-350 m 3 ) [4,5] with loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of around 50 to 18,000 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 110 to 5600 mg/L. Moreover, the high color index and total suspended solids have been shown to provoke negative environmental effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic dyes require additives that decrease pH. Many dyeing processes based on TPM use additives that bring the pH to very low values (2)(3)(4). Among others, acetic acid (AA) is regularly used in many industrial dyeing processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the interaction between dye and acetic acid on the decomposition of Basic Green 4 with additive by ozone

Pérez

Poznyak

Chairez

2013

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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This research investigated the ozonation of Basic Green 4 (BG4) under the presence of acetic acid (AA). This acid is used as a textile additive for many industrial dyes derived from triphenylmethane. Determining the effect of this additive on discoloration, degradation dynamics, and final by-product distribution is the main objective of this study. The reaction system was the ozonation of a dye solution in co-solvents. This solution (dye and AA) was considered a simplified version of real BG4 dyeing wastewaters supplied with additives. The dye concentration was set to 50, 150, and 250 mg/L without pH adjustment (pH = 3). This low value was forced by the AA. Ozonation reaction with dye was mainly done by a direct molecular mechanism. The discoloration dynamics of BG4 without and with the additive were determined by ultraviolet and visible wavelength spectroscopy. The dye decomposition and the intermediate and final product formation-decomposition dynamics were followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of AA in the ozonation results were significant in the following ways: 1) a possible complex, formed between AA and the dye, changed ozone consumption; 2) the presence of additive decelerated the dye discoloration and decomposition; and 3) the number of by-products was dissimilar in both systems, with and without the additive the ozonation. The accumulation of organic acids with low molecular weight was determined in both systems, with and without the additive. Only one by-product was obtained in ozonation when AA participated in the reactor. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed for the system dye-AA-ozone.

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Assessment of water pollution in different bleaching based paper manufacturing and textile dyeing industries in India

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

The Effect of Water Reduction in Kraft Pulp Washing in Ecf Bleaching

The Effect of Water Reduction in Kraft Pulp Washing in Ecf Bleaching

Effect of Additives on Ozone‐Based Decomposition of Reactive Black 5 and Direct Red 28 Dyes

Effect of the interaction between dye and acetic acid on the decomposition of Basic Green 4 with additive by ozone

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