The Sar Cheshmeh copper mine, located in the Urumieh-Dokhtar volcanic belt, is one of the largest porphyry copper deposits in Iran. This study examines transport and sediment-water partitioning of trace metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) in acid mine drainage (AMD) and water-sediment system. It is shown that waste dumps and tailings dam are major causes of AMD generation. An elevated level of heavy metals viz. Mo, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu and base metals like Na, K in AMD-impacted water and sediments results from the metal leaching effect of AMD. Factor analysis identified three factors responsible for data structure explaining 86.07% of total variance in water samples. The distribution coefficient (K d ) values vary from 1.1 Â 10 6 for Fe to 5.1 Â 10 3 for Mn and increases in the sequence of Fe > Pb ≈ Al > Mo ≈ Sb > As > Cr > Sn > Cu > Ni ≈ Zn > Co ≈ Cd > Mn. The results of sequential extraction analysis indicate that among non-residual fractions, Fe-Mn oxides are most important for retaining trace metals in the sediments. Calculation of mobility factor (MF) shows that in the Sar Cheshmeh copper mine, the heavy metal MFs display the following decreasing trend: Cd > Mn > Co > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Sb > Al > As > Sn > Pb > Mo > Fe.