Assessment of workplace environmental contamination and occupational exposure to cisplatin and doxorubicin aerosols during electrostatic pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy

Occupational Exposure during Intraperitoneal Pressurized Aerosol Chemotherapy Using Doxorubicin in a Pig Model

“…To date, few studies have attempted to evaluate occupational exposure of healthcare workers during PIPAC procedures. Some such studies have applied doxorubicin with cisplatin or oxaliplatin as platinum compounds for PIPAC chemotherapy [ 2 , [11] , [12] , [13] ]. However, only one recent study examined surface contamination with doxorubicin; they reported a doxorubicin concentration level of 0.29 pg/cm 2 on the floor around the operating table and a maximum doxorubicin contamination level of 0.03 ng/cm 2 in the nozzle head [ 13 ].…”

“…Some such studies have applied doxorubicin with cisplatin or oxaliplatin as platinum compounds for PIPAC chemotherapy [ 2 , [11] , [12] , [13] ]. However, only one recent study examined surface contamination with doxorubicin; they reported a doxorubicin concentration level of 0.29 pg/cm 2 on the floor around the operating table and a maximum doxorubicin contamination level of 0.03 ng/cm 2 in the nozzle head [ 13 ]. Although we did not collect samples from the nozzles used in this study, we detected a maximum contamination level of 5.44 ng/cm 2 on the telescope, which has similar exposure characteristics to the nozzle, as both are inserted directly into the abdominal cavity.…”

“…In some studies, platinum compounds and doxorubicin were mixed for PIPAC application; however, exposure levels were evaluated only for platinum [ 11 , 12 ]. The only recent study that evaluated doxorubicin detected low concentrations of surface contamination on the floor [ 13 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor air and surface contamination levels during PIPAC procedures to obtain comprehensive doxorubicin exposure data, including contamination levels following leakage, device insertion into the abdominal cavity, and air exposure.…”

Comparison of Different Techniques for the Determination of Platinized Cytostatic Drugs in Urine Samples

“…Of particular concern are the risks to healthcare workers, who are exposed during drug preparation, the treatment, and disposal of medicines, as well as through contact with patient excrement. Recent works have studied the presence of cisplatin, among other cytostatics, as a potential health hazard in matrices present in hospital environments, such as air, surfaces, protective devices, and equipment [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

From a Chemotherapeutic Drug to a High-Performance Nanocatalyst: A Fast Colorimetric Test for Cisplatin Detection at ppb Level

“…Therefore, the monitoring of cisplatin in patients’ body fluids, such as in blood or urine, would be fundamental to study dose-related pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics, achieving optimal treatment and efficacy. Moreover, emerging evidence reveals cisplatin can be highly detrimental to healthcare workers, who are daily exposed during the preparation and/or administration of chemotherapy [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The continuous work-related exposure to cisplatin might cause various organ damage and severe renal toxicity [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”