Assessment the activity of magnetic KOH/Fe3O4@Al2O3 core–shell nanocatalyst in transesterification reaction: effect of Fe/Al ratio on structural and performance

Kazemifard, Sina; Nayebzadeh, Hamed; Saghatoleslami, Nasser; Safakish, Ebrahim

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3249-7

Cited by 50 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The magnetic nanocatalyst with 25 wt.% loading of Fe 3 O 4 exhibits a higher surface area than 15 wt.% loading, but showed higher catalytic activity. Around 98.8% of biodiesel conversion can be achieved when the reaction is carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 4% catalyst dosage, and a reaction time of 6 h. The catalyst can be extracted by applying an external magnetic field and reused several times for the catalysis process (Kazemifard et al 2018 ). Potassium impregnated Fe 3 O 4 -CeO 2 magnetic nanocatalyst can be synthesized to achieve the conversion of canola oil into biodiesel.…”

Section: Biodiesel Synthesis Using Heterogeneous Nanoferrite Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

et al. 2021

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Fossil fuel depletion and pollution are calling for alternative, renewable energies such as biofuels. Actual challenges include the design of efficient processes and catalysts to convert various feedstocks into biofuels. Here, we review nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel from soybean and canola oil. For that, transesterification is the main synthesis route and offers simplicity, cost-effectiveness, better process control, and high conversion yield. Catalysis with nanoferrites and composites allow to obtain yields higher than 95% conversion with less than 5.0 wt.% of catalyst loading at 80 °C in 1–2 h. More than 90% conversion yields can be achieved with a moderate alcohol/oil molar ratio, i.e., between 12:1 to 16:1. Catalyst recovery is easy due to the magnetic properties of nanoferrite, which can be effectively reused up to 4 times with less than 10% loss of catalytic efficiency.

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Section: Biodiesel Synthesis Using Heterogeneous Nanoferrite Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

et al. 2021

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“…According to the SEM result, the detected particle size was in the range of 60-160 nm with an average particle size of 91 nm. The FTIR spectrum of the calcium/titania-zirconia nano-catalyst (Figure 6b) shows a weak peak at 460 cm −1 and a broad peak in the range of 500-900 cm −1 , which are respectively corresponded to the Ca-O [49] and X-O-X (X = Zr or Ti) bands [53,54]. The sharp peak at 1460 cm −1 is related to the X-O-H bands [55].…”

Section: Structural Assessment Of Optimum Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Optimisation of the Sol-Gel Conditions for Synthesis of Semi-Hexagonal Titania-Based Nano-Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

et al. 2022

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Design and fabrication of a catalyst with the highest activity can be achieved by optimising the synthesis conditions. In this study, the sol-gel synthesis conditions of citric acid concentration, gelling temperature, complex time, and calcination temperature were studied for the preparation of a novel semi-hexagonal calcium/titania-zirconia nano-catalyst used in the esterification reaction. After synthesis of around 24 samples at various conditions, their activity was tested in the esterification reaction and the results were analysed by multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM) models. Both models predicted the actual data with high coefficients of determination, and indicated that the calcination temperature has the most influence on the activity of the prepared semi-hexagonal calcium/titania-zirconia nano-catalyst for the esterification reaction. Moreover, the genetic algorithm (GA) was utilised for optimising the preparation conditions based on the SVM model, due to its higher generalisation capability for prediction. The prepared nano-catalysts under the optimum conditions of 1.42 acid ratio, gelling temperature of 72 °C, complex time of 2.65 h, and calcination temperature of 487 °C showed good crystalline structure and metal–metal and metal–oxygen cation bonding. Finally, the fabricated catalyst had a high surface area (276.5 m2/g) with 3.5 nm pore diameter and almost uniform particle size (80–110 nm) distribution, leading to a high conversion of 97.6% in the esterification reaction, with good catalytic stability up to five times.

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“…[ 91 , 92 ]. Short reaction times and low molar ratios are common characteristics of these catalysts [ 93 , 94 ], but unfortunately, homogeneous catalysts have many limitations. Interestingly, efficient reactive solid catalysts, such as zeolite and nanomaterials, have been employed to beat down the limitations of heterogeneous catalysis; these catalysts have a shorter reaction time and can react at low molar ratios.…”

Section: Exploitations Of Titanate Nanotubes Catalysts In Chemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional titanate nanotube materials: heterogeneous solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of biofuel precursors/value-added chemicals—a review

et al. 2021

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Graphical Abstract One-dimensional (1D) titanate nanotubes materials (protonated titanate nanotube (HTNT) and sodium titanate nanotube (NaTNT)) have been reported as low-cost and efficient catalytic materials in chemical syntheses for the production of biofuel precursors with interesting catalytic performance exhibited, even better than some commonly used zeolites, H-MOR, H-β, SO 4 2− /Al 2 O 3 , and H-ZSM-5 solid catalysts with environmental benign in focus when compared with homogeneous catalytic materials. This mini-review expressly revealed the significance and potential of using HTNT and NaTNT as sustainable and environmentally benign solid catalysts/supports in various chemical reactions. The critical assessment of biomass valorization and titanate nanostructured materials as catalysts/supports via Green Chemistry approach, #7 (use of renewable feedstocks), #9 (use of catalyst against stoichiometry) and United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), #7 (affordable and clean energy; ensure access to inexpensive, reliable, sustainable, and new energy), is presented as integrated pathways to meet environmental benign technology toward sustainability. Hence, this work follows in the pattern of recent formulated features reported for solid catalysts—‘ PYSSVR ’ concept, which means P–production cost, Y–yield, S–stability, S–selectivity, V–versatility, and R–reusability.

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Assessment the activity of magnetic KOH/Fe3O4@Al2O3 core–shell nanocatalyst in transesterification reaction: effect of Fe/Al ratio on structural and performance

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

Modelling and Optimisation of the Sol-Gel Conditions for Synthesis of Semi-Hexagonal Titania-Based Nano-Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

One-dimensional titanate nanotube materials: heterogeneous solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of biofuel precursors/value-added chemicals—a review

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