Assesssment of human impact on the structure and composition of Lasdana forest district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Dar, Muhammad Ejaz Ul Islam; Salik, Maria; Shaheen, Hamayun; Firdous, Syeda Saddiqa; Ullah, Tariq Saif; Hussain, Muhammad; Aziz, Shamshad

doi:10.30848/pjb2019-2(32)

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Agricultural System: The state of AJK has a population of 4.45 million, with an annual growth rate of 2.9%, and approximately 91% of the population lives in rural areas. The region has a centuries old culture of subsistence agriculture, with small land holdings and livestock which has a considerable (20–25%) share in the livelihood earnings of the rural populations [ 41 ]. Being a mountainous region, only 13% geographical area i.e., 196704 hectares is cultivable land, of which about 92% of the area is rain-fed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Evaluation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivation in Providing Sustainable Livelihood to the Mountain Populations of Kashmir Himalayas

Nasar

Shaheen

Murtaza

et al. 2023

Plants

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Phaseolus vulgaris L. is the major pulse cultivated and culturally inculcated in the food habits of the locals in the Himalayan mountainous region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. The current study was designed to investigate the role of P. vulgaris cultivation in providing livelihood support and to evaluate its production and consumption patterns correlated with the household variables in the state of AJK. The socio-economic data was collected from nine bean cultivated areas in six districts of AJK. The data was acquired by administrating a total of 522 detailed semi structured questionnaires from a diverse array of the respondents following the snowball technique focusing on yield, consumption, revenue generation and livelihood support provided by bean cultivation. The results revealed that common bean cultivation provided significant livelihood support to the local mountainous populations with an average annual income of 50.80 $/family. Subsequently, bean production contributed an average annual per capita income of 6.81 $ in the area, which was attributed to the large family size. Local populations showed an average bean production of 33.93 kg/family, whereas the average annual bean consumption was recorded as 31.99 kg/family in the region. Bean crops were recorded to have an average price of $1.49/kg, with significant variations in the study area correlated with local yield. A data analysis indicated a strong correlation in bean production and consumption patterns. Common bean farmers had a very small farm size, averaging 0.24 ha, where 100% of farmers cultivated common beans as an intercrop with Maize as the primary crop. A Pearson’s test (p value < 0.05) revealed significant correlations between land holding and bean production as well as consumption, and bean production with annual per capita income. Small farm size, declining soil fertility, low bean pricing and the unavailability of market mechanisms were identified as the major challenges faced by the common bean farmers. It is recommended to employ an integrated bean farming approach to enhance the economic impact of common bean cultivation in the socioeconomic appraisal of the local populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%