Assigning Brassica microsatellite markers to the nine C-genome chromosomes using Brassica rapa var. trilocularis–B. oleracea var. alboglabra monosomic alien addition lines

Abstract

Brassica rapa var. trilocularis-B. oleracea var. alboglabra monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) were used to assign simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to the nine C-genome chromosomes. A total of 64 SSR markers specific to single C-chromosomes were identified. The number of specific markers for each chromosome varied from two (C3) to ten (C4, C7 and C9), where the designation of the chromosomes was according to Cheng et al. (Genome 38:313-319, 1995). Seventeen additional SSRs, which were duplicated on 2-5 C-chromosomes, were also identified. Using the SSR markers assigned to the previously developed eight MAALs and recently obtained aneuploid plants, a new Brassica rapa-B. oleracea var. alboglabra MAAL carrying the alien chromosome C7 was identified and developed. The application of reported genetically mapped SSR markers on the nine MAALs contributed to the determination of the correspondence between numerical C-genome cytological (Cheng et al. in Genome 38:313-319, 1995) and linkage group designations. This correspondence facilitates the integration of C-genome genetic information that has been generated based on the two designation systems and accordingly increases our knowledge about each chromosome. The present study is a significant contribution to genetic linkage analysis of SSR markers and important agronomic traits in B. oleracea and to the potential use of the MAALs in plant breeding.

Disruption of a CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4 gene converts flower colour from white to yellow in Brassica species

“…Genetic analysis of flower colour in Brassica has been conducted since 1929 (Pearson, 1929), and has been shown to be controlled by a single nuclear gene in Brassica species containing the C genome or subgenomes, with white colour dominant over yellow (Pearson, 1929;Zhang et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2004;Huang et al, 2014). Genetic mapping has identified a number of molecular markers linked to the flower colour locus on chromosome C3 (Ramsay et al, 1996;Liu et al, 2004;Parkin et al, 2005;Geleta et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2014). However, to date the gene controlling flower colour has not been identified, and the underlying molecular mechanisms and evolutional processes in Brassica remain elusive.…”

Construction of a complete set of alien chromosome addition lines from Gossypium australe in Gossypium hirsutum: morphological, cytological, and genotypic characterization

“…Over the past two decades, MAALs have been widely available in wheat (Friebe et al 2000; Kishii et al 2004; Wang et al 2001; Kong et al 2008), rice (Multani et al 2003), potato (Ali et al 2001), cucumber (Chen et al 2004), tobacco (Chen et al 2002), oat (Kynast et al 2001), sugar beet (Reamon-Ramos and Wricke 1992; Gao et al 2001), and rapeseed (Srinivasan et al 1998; Budahn et al 2008). The system has been used in numerous studies, such as chromosome pairing (Cifuentes and Benavente 2009; Molnár and Molnár-Láng 2010), recombination (Ji and Chetelat 2003; Pertuzé et al 2003), gene transfer (Peterka et al 2004; Fu et al 2012; Chen et al 1992), gene mapping (Geleta et al 2012; Chen et al 1992), gene tagging, genome structure, evolution, microdissection, and microcloning for chromosome-specific library construction (Shim et al 2010; Kynast et al 2004; Fang et al 2004; Jiang et al 2005; Bento et al 2010). The application of molecular biological techniques using such stocks led to development of the field of molecular cytogenetics, allowing specific DNA sequences to be mapped to a physical chromosomal location.…”

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Disturbance by Single A1/C1 Chromosome Substitution in Brassica rapa Restituted From Natural B. napus

“…Compared to B. rapa, B. oleracea shows stronger resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, interspecific hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea was performed in many studies, attempting to transfer desirable genes from B. oleracea to B. rapa ( Quiros et al, 1987 ; McGrath and Quiros, 1990 ; Prakash et al, 2009 ; Geleta et al, 2012 ). Intriguingly, in our previous study, the restituted B. rapa (RBR, 2n = 20, AnAn) ancestor was generated from natural B. napus through inducing the preferential elimination of C-subgenome chromosomes in intertribal crosses ( Tu et al, 2010 ; Zhu et al, 2016 ), and subsequently the whole set of monosonic alien addition lines (MAALs) was established to in situ dissect C-subgenome by adding each of its nine chromosomes to the extracted A-subgenome ( Zhu et al, 2016 ).…”