Assimilation and Translocation in Perennial Grasses

Williams, R. Dorrington

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083902

Cited by 79 publications

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“…Klepper et al, 1984); furthermore, Williams (1964) reported for a perennial grass that translocation of carbon assimilates between large culms did not occur. Consequently, CN-Wheat is defined at culm scale, the crop being represented as a population of individual culms (Fig.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Barillot

Chambon

Andrieu

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. In this paper, we present CN-Wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis.Methods The culm is described by modules that represent the roots, photosynthetic organs and grains. Each of them includes structural, storage and mobile materials. Fluxes of C and N among modules occur through a common pool and through transpiration flow. Metabolite variations are represented by differential equations that depend on the physiological processes occurring in each module. A challenging aspect of CN-Wheat lies in the regulation of these processes by metabolite concentrations and the environment perceived by organs.Key Results CN-Wheat simulates the distribution of C and N into wheat culms in relation to photosynthesis, N uptake, metabolite turnover, root exudation and tissue death. Regulation of physiological activities by local concentrations of metabolites appears to be a valuable feature for understanding how the behaviour of the whole plant can emerge from local rules.Conclusions The originality of CN-Wheat is that it proposes an integrated view of plant functioning based on a mechanistic approach. The formalization of each process can be further refined in the future as knowledge progresses. This approach is expected to strengthen our capacity to understand plant responses to their environment and investigate plant traits adapted to changes in agronomical practices or environmental conditions. A companion paper will evaluate the model.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Barillot

Chambon

Andrieu

2016

Ann Bot

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“…Another expression of the distribution pattern is the fact that leaves in different positions on the plant may preferentially supply different growing organs with assimilates (Belikov, 1955, Belikov andKostetskii, 1964;Fujiwara and Suzuki, 1957;Quinlan and Sagar, 1962;Stoy, 1963;Williams, 1964;Wardlaw, 1965;Bonnemain, 1966;Lupton, 1966). The photosynthates for the roots are thus mainly produced in the lower leaves and those for the apical parts in the upper leaves, whereas leaves in an intermediate position deliver assimilates in both directions.…”

Section: B Possible Mechanisms To Explain Sink Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships Among Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Movement of Carbon in Developing Crops

Stoy

2015

Physiological Aspects of Crop Yield

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“…Este resultado aparentemente contrasta com os dados de Davies (1974), que observou redução na taxa de aparecimento foliar com a remoção de todas as folhas e também das folhas superiores do perfilho de azevém perene, sendo a retirada das folhas superiores do perfilho a que mais afetou o aparecimento de novas folhas. Tal observação está de acordo com os relatos de Williams (1964) sobre o transporte preferencial de assimilados das folhas superiores para o meristema e folhas em expansão, enquanto as folhas baixeiras transportam para as raízes.…”

Section: Desfolha Superior 1 E 2 129 54unclassified

“…A partição de assimilados, oriundos da fotossíntese ou previamente armazenados, entre os diferentes órgãos da planta, é função das prioridades ditadas pela relação fonte/dreno e depende, entre outras coisas, das condições de manejo (Davies, 1974;Ryle & Powell, 1975;Johansson, 1993), do estádio de desenvolvimento (Williams, 1964) e da época do corte (Frankow-Lindberg, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fotossíntese, reservas orgânicas e rebrota do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq.)sob diferentes intensidades de desfolha do perfilho principal

Gomide

Gomide²,

Martínez

et al. 2002

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Buscando-se avaliar morfofisiologicamente a rebrota do capim-mombaça, quatro desfolhas foram impostas ao perfilho principal, sendo estudado o comportamento da planta em termos da taxa de expansão da área foliar, crescimento do sistema radicular, nível de carboidratos totais não estruturais (CTNE) da raiz e do colmo, taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL) e razão de área foliar (RAF) às idades de 2, 5, 9 e 16 dias após as desfolhas, bem como da taxa fotossintética máxima às idades de 2, 6 e 13 dias das folhas remanescentes à desfolha. As desfolhas foram as seguintes: remoção de todas as lâminas foliares (desfolha total), a remoção da lâmina da folha adulta mais jovem (desfolha superior), a remoção das lâminas das duas folhas adultas mais velhas (desfolha inferior) e controle (sem desfolha), juntamente com o corte dos demais perfilhos, realizado a 8 cm do solo. Foram observadas cinco repetições por tratamento, segundo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As folhas adultas não diferiram quanto às taxas fotossintéticas máximas, que exibiram aumento nos primeiros dias após a desfolha, e queda aos 13 dias. A desfolha reduziu os teores de CTNE da base do colmo, principalmente nas plantas sob desfolha total. Comprometimento do crescimento do sistema radicular e do teor de CTNE das raízes foi observado nas plantas sob desfolha total, que também tiveram sua TCR reduzida nos primeiros dias de rebrotação. Entretanto, o aumento na RAF possibilitou a estas plantas recuperação da TCR e alta taxa de expansão da área foliar, igualando a área foliar das demais plantas aos 16 dias de rebrota.Palavras-chave: área foliar, balanço de carbono, respiração, reservas, taxa de crescimento, partição de assimilados Photosynthesis, Organic Reserves and Regrowth of Mombaçagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under Different Defoliation Intensities of the Main TillerABSTRACT -An experiment was carried out to evaluate morphophysiological aspects of Mombaçagrass growth after defoliation. Defoliation treatments were performed when the number of green completely expanded leaves on main tiller had stabilized around 3. Four defoliation treatments were imposed to the main tiller: T1 -no defoliation, T2 -total defoliation, T3 -removal of the last expanded leaf and T4 -removal of the two lowest expanded leaves. In all cases primary tillers were completely defoliated by cutting at 8 cm height from soil level. The variables assessed were: leaf expansion rate, root growth, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) at the ages of 2, 5, 9 and 16 days regrowth, stem and root total non structural carbohydrate content and maximum leaf photosynthesis rate at the ages of 2, 6 and 13 days regrowth. There were five replications, according to a completely randomized design. There was no difference in the photosynthetic rate among the 3 expanded leaves considered at defoliation time. Photosynthetic rate of any leaf remaining after defoliation increased initially, but had declined by the 13 th d...

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Assimilation and Translocation in Perennial Grasses

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Interrelationships Among Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Movement of Carbon in Developing Crops

Fotossíntese, reservas orgânicas e rebrota do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq.)sob diferentes intensidades de desfolha do perfilho principal

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