Assimilation of Nitrogen from Nitrite and Trinitrotoluene in
            <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>
            JLR11

Caballero, Antonio; Esteve‐Núñez, Abraham; Zylstra, Gerben J.; Ramos, Juan L.

doi:10.1128/jb.187.1.396-399.2005

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In E. coli, when there are high concentrations of ammonia, the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes a reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate to glutamate; when ammonium concentrations are low (Ͻ1 mM), a two-step reaction occurs involving the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) (16,17). In P. putida the latter pathway is used for the assimilation of nitrogen from reduced nitrate or nitrite and from trinitrotoluene (TNT) (7,45). It is therefore possible that the GS/ GOGAT pathway might be affected in the ⌬crp mutant, and/or that in the mutant the transport of inorganic nitrogen sources is compromised.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Regulation of Food Supply by P seudomonas p utida DOT-T1E

et al. 2010

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Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E was used as a model to develop a "phenomics" platform to investigate the ability of P. putida to grow using different carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur sources and in the presence of stress molecules. Results for growth of wild-type DOT-T1E on 90 different carbon sources revealed the existence of a number of previously uncharted catabolic pathways for compounds such as salicylate, quinate, phenylethanol, gallate, and hexanoate, among others. Subsequent screening on the subset of compounds on which wild-type DOT-TIE could grow with four knockout strains in the global regulatory genes ⌬crc, ⌬crp, ⌬cyoB, and ⌬ptsN allowed analysis of the global response to nutrient supply and stress. The data revealed that most global regulator mutants could grow in a wide variety of substrates, indicating that metabolic fluxes are physiologically balanced. It was found that the Crc mutant did not differ much from the wild-type regarding the use of carbon sources. However, certain pathways are under the preferential control of one global regulator, i.e., metabolism of succinate and D-fructose is influenced by CyoB, and L-arginine is influenced by PtsN. Other pathways can be influenced by more than one global regulator; i.e., L-valine catabolism can be influenced by CyoB and Crp (cyclic AMP receptor protein) while phenylethylamine is affected by Crp, CyoB, and PtsN. These results emphasize the cross talk required in order to ensure proper growth and survival. With respect to N sources, DOT-T1E can use a wide variety of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources. As with the carbon sources, more than one global regulator affected growth with some nitrogen sources; for instance, growth with nucleotides, dipeptides, D-amino acids, and ethanolamine is influenced by Crp, CyoB, and PtsN. A surprising finding was that the Crp mutant was unable to flourish on ammonium. Results for assayed sulfur sources revealed that CyoB controls multiple points in methionine/cysteine catabolism while PtsN and Crc are needed for N-acetyl-L-cysteamine utilization. Growth of global regulator mutants was also influenced by stressors of different types (antibiotics, oxidative agents, and metals). Overall and in combination with results for growth in the presence of various stressors, these phenomics assays provide multifaceted insights into the complex decision-making process involved in nutrient supply, optimization, and survival.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudomonas spp. are also ubiquitous environmental colonizers, and Pseudomonas putida inoculates have been used to promote plant growth and in bioremediation (3,7,29,52,53,58). The key to the ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria is their use of highly sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to changes in the local environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Regulation of Food Supply by P seudomonas p utida DOT-T1E

et al. 2010

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“…As a carbon source we used benzoate (15 mM), glucose (0.5% [wt/vol]), or sodium citrate (10 mM). When indicated M9 minimal medium without NH 4 Cl was used; this culture medium is referred as M8. When indicated L-lysine (10 mM), D-lysine (10 mM), ␦-aminovalerate (5 mM), glutarate (10 mM), or pipecolate (10 mM) was added to the culture medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple and Interconnected Pathways for l -Lysine Catabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440

et al. 2005

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L-Lysine catabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was generally thought to occur via the aminovalerate pathway. In this study we demonstrate the operation of the alternative aminoadipate pathway with the intermediates D-lysine, L-pipecolate, and aminoadipate. The simultaneous operation of both pathways for the use of L-lysine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was confirmed genetically. Mutants with mutations in either pathway failed to use L-lysine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, although they still used L-lysine as the nitrogen source, albeit at reduced growth rates. New genes were identified in both pathways, including the davB and davA genes that encode the enzymes involved in the oxidation of L-lysine to ␦-aminovaleramide and the hydrolysis of the latter to ␦-aminovalerate, respectively. The amaA, dkpA, and amaB genes, in contrast, encode proteins involved in the transformation of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a derivative of P. putida mt-2 cured of the TOL plasmid, can grown on proline, lysine, glutamate, and other amino acids as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The ability to assimilate these compounds confers on the strain a selective advantage to grow in the rhizosphere of a number of plants where these amino acids are part of the exudates (2,11,28,29).The catabolism of L-lysine by P. putida mainly involves the following steps: L-lysine 3 ␦-aminovaleramide 3 ␦-aminovalerate (AMV) 3 glutarate semialdehyde 3 glutarate, which is then channeled to the Krebs cycle. This pathway is known as the AMV pathway ( Fig. 1) and was well characterized at the biochemical level in the late 1970s (6,7,13). In this route, the first step involves the oxidative decarboxylation of the amino acid to yield ␦-aminovaleramide, which is hydrolyzed to produce ammonium and ␦-aminovalerate. Thereafter, ␦-aminovalerate is converted into glutarate via glutarate semialdehyde (6, 7) in reactions catalyzed by the products of the davD and the davT genes, the only genes of the pathway identified so far (11, 38). The davD gene forms an operon with davT, the gene order being davDT (38). The rei-2 mutant is a KT2440 derivative that is unable to use L-lysine as a carbon source and which was isolated after mutagenesis of the wild-type strain with mini-Tn5-Јlux. Mini-Tn5-Јlux was inserted within the davT gene, giving rise to a davDT:Јlux transcriptional fusion. The relevance of this pathway during the colonization of the root system of corn by P. putida is evidenced by the fact that rei-2 cells emitted light in response to root exudates. In agreement with the pathway described above, both davD and davT mutants were unable to use L-lysine or ␦-aminovalerate as a carbon source. The davD promoter was expressed at a certain level in the absence of L-lysine, but its expression increased about fourfold in response to the addition of exogenous Llysine to the culture medium. However, the real inducer of this operon seems to be AMV because in a mutant unable to metabolize L-lysine to ␦-aminovalerate, this compound, and not L-lysine, acted as ...

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“…Two Gram-positive isolates, strains TNT-8 and TNT-32, were able to use TNT as a nitrogen source, but the mechanism of nitrogen assimilation remains unclear (200). More recently, Ramos et al reported that Pseudomonas putida JLR11 (13)(14)(15) and Escherichia coli AB1157 (51) were able to use TNT as a nitrogen source for growth, reducing the nitro group and recovering the ammonium by the use of nitroreductases. The nitroreductases NfsA and NfsB, together with the N-ethylmaleimide reductase NemA, contributed to the ability of E. coli AB1157 to obtain usable nitrogen from TNT (51).…”

Section: Pathways For Nitrotoluene Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroaromatic Compounds, from Synthesis to Biodegradation

Parales

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

775

470

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SUMMARY Nitroaromatic compounds are relatively rare in nature and have been introduced into the environment mainly by human activities. This important class of industrial chemicals is widely used in the synthesis of many diverse products, including dyes, polymers, pesticides, and explosives. Unfortunately, their extensive use has led to environmental contamination of soil and groundwater. The nitro group, which provides chemical and functional diversity in these molecules, also contributes to the recalcitrance of these compounds to biodegradation. The electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro group, in concert with the stability of the benzene ring, makes nitroaromatic compounds resistant to oxidative degradation. Recalcitrance is further compounded by their acute toxicity, mutagenicity, and easy reduction into carcinogenic aromatic amines. Nitroaromatic compounds are hazardous to human health and are registered on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of priority pollutants for environmental remediation. Although the majority of these compounds are synthetic in nature, microorganisms in contaminated environments have rapidly adapted to their presence by evolving new biodegradation pathways that take advantage of them as sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. This review provides an overview of the synthesis of both man-made and biogenic nitroaromatic compounds, the bacteria that have been identified to grow on and completely mineralize nitroaromatic compounds, and the pathways that are present in these strains. The possible evolutionary origins of the newly evolved pathways are also discussed.

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Assimilation of Nitrogen from Nitrite and Trinitrotoluene in Pseudomonas putida JLR11

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Global Regulation of Food Supply by P seudomonas p utida DOT-T1E

Global Regulation of Food Supply by P seudomonas p utida DOT-T1E

Multiple and Interconnected Pathways for l -Lysine Catabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440

Nitroaromatic Compounds, from Synthesis to Biodegradation

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