Assimilative and non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration

Kimura, Eiji; Kuroki, Mikako

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00722

Cited by 3 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, Devinck et al ( 2006a ) showed that both (L–M) and S-cone opponent mechanisms contribute to assimilative color spreading, but the relative contribution of the (L–M) mechanisms was apparently greater. These results suggest that assimilative color spreading depends on both luminance and color conditions (Devinck et al, 2006a ; Kimura and Kuroki, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Moreover, they demonstrated a bilateral color spreading effect, i.e., assimilative color spreading on one side and non-assimilative color spreading on the other side, that resulted from the opposite luminance conditions for assimilative and non-assimilative color spreading. Based on these findings, Kimura and Kuroki ( 2014 ) argued that color spreading of two types was mediated by at least partially different visual mechanisms. In addition, the luminance conditions for the watercolor effect have been explored recently (Pinna and Reeves, 2006 ; Takashima, 2008 ; Cao et al, 2011 ; Devinck and Knoblauch, 2012 ; Coia et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assimilative spreading of the inner contour color is known as the watercolor effect (Figure 1A ) (Pinna et al, 2001 ). Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that non-assimilative as well as assimilative color spreading occur in the watercolor configuration depending on luminance conditions of the inner contour (IC) and the outer contour (OC) (Pinna and Grossberg, 2005 ; Pinna, 2006 ; Kitaoka, 2007 ; Kimura and Kuroki, 2014 ). For example, when the IC color is black and the OC color is blue, the induced color in the region delineated by the IC becomes yellow, which is the complementary color of the OC color (Pinna, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B) Non-assimilative yellow color spreading in a dark red IC and a lighter magenta OC color combination. See also Supplementary Figure 1 in Kimura and Kuroki ( 2014 ) for a demonstration of non-assimilative color spreading on different background luminances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To elucidate visual mechanisms mediating the watercolor effects, Kimura and Kuroki ( 2014 ) investigated luminance conditions suitable for assimilative and non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration. They found that the luminance condition suitable for non-assimilative color spreading was nearly opposite to that for assimilative color spreading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of a luminance-dependent S-cone mechanism to non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration

Kimura

Kuroki

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In the watercolor configuration composed of wavy double contours, both assimilative and non-assimilative color spreading have been demonstrated depending on the luminance conditions of the inner and outer contours (IC and OC, respectively). This study investigated how the induced color in the watercolor configuration was modulated by combinations of the IC and the OC color, particularly addressing non-assimilative color spreading. In two experiments, the IC color was fixed to a certain color and combined with various colors selected from a hue circle centered at the background white color. Color spreading was quantified with a chromatic cancelation technique. Results showed that both the magnitude and the apparent hue of the color spreading were largely changed with the luminance condition. When the IC contrast (Weber contrast of the IC to the background luminance) was smaller in size than the OC contrast (higher IC luminance condition), the color spreading was assimilative. When the luminance condition was reversed and the IC contrast was greater than the OC contrast (lower IC luminance condition), the color spreading was non-assimilative and yellowish. When the color spreading was analyzed in terms of cone-opponent excitations, the results were consistent with the interpretation that the color spreading is explainable by a combination of chromatic diffusion from the IC and chromatically opponent induction from the OC. The color spreading in the higher IC luminance condition mainly reflected the chromatic diffusion by both (L–M) and S cone-opponent mechanisms. The non-assimilative color spreading in the lower IC luminance condition mostly reflected S-cone mediated opponent induction and the contribution of −S inducing mechanisms was differentially large. These findings provided several constraints on possible visual mechanisms underlying the watercolor effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of a luminance-dependent S-cone mechanism to non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration

Kimura

Kuroki

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Two distinct types of color spreading induced by different luminance and color conditions in static flank transparency displays

Kimura

2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Flank transparency refers to illusory, phenomenally transparent color spreading induced when narrow colored flanks are added to line segments located within a virtual region. We investigated whether the luminance conditions that induced flank transparency were consistent with predictions based on luminance-contrast-based boundary interactions and the episcotister model for perceptual transparency. Examination of the requirements for the boundary interaction and perceptual transparency revealed that similar luminance conditions are necessary for both; that is, the flank luminance needs to be intermediate between the line and background luminances. We used green and achromatic flanks and systematically varied the luminance of the flanks, line segments, and background. We then asked the observers to rate the subjective certainty of color spreading using a five-point scale. The results showed that the perception of color spreading depended on color as well as luminance conditions. Generally, color spreading was convincing and phenomenally transparent when luminance conditions were consistent with the requirements for boundary interaction and perceptual transparency. In addition, color conditions worked in a facilitatory and inhibitory manner. Moreover, the results revealed that another convincing color spreading could be observed when the flank luminance was lower than the line or background luminance, that is, when the luminance condition for perceptual transparency was not satisfied. The observers’ verbal reports indicated that phenomenal transparency was not evident in this color spreading. Overall, the present findings demonstrate that typical transparent color spreading is not the only one observed in the flank transparency display. Different color and luminance conditions can modulate the phenomenal appearance of color spreading, resulting in distinct types of color spreading.

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A Compound Computational Model for Filling-In Processes Triggered by Edges: Watercolor Illusions

Cohen-Duwek

Spitzer

2019

Front. Neurosci.

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The goal of our research was to develop a compound computational model with the ability to predict different variations of the “watercolor effects” and additional filling-in effects that are triggered by edges. The model is based on a filling-in mechanism solved by a Poisson equation, which considers the different gradients as “heat sources” after the gradients modification. The biased (modified) contours (edges) are ranked and determined according to their dominancy across the different chromatic and achromatic channels. The color and intensity of the perceived surface are calculated through a diffusive filling-in process of color triggered by the enhanced and biased edges of stimulus formed as a result of oriented double-opponent receptive fields. The model can successfully predict both the assimilative and non-assimilative watercolor effects, as well as a number of “conflicting” visual effects. Furthermore, the model can also predict the classic Craik–O'Brien–Cornsweet (COC) effect. In summary, our proposed computational model is able to predict most of the “conflicting” filling-in effects that derive from edges that have been recently described in the literature, and thus supports the theory that a shared visual mechanism is responsible for the vast variety of the “conflicting” filling-in effects that derive from edges.

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Assimilative and non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Contribution of a luminance-dependent S-cone mechanism to non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration

Contribution of a luminance-dependent S-cone mechanism to non-assimilative color spreading in the watercolor configuration

Two distinct types of color spreading induced by different luminance and color conditions in static flank transparency displays

A Compound Computational Model for Filling-In Processes Triggered by Edges: Watercolor Illusions

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