Assisted reproductive technology, risk of gestational diabetes, and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies

Abstract

Aims To evaluate the impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in single pregnancies. Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected clinical and anthropometric data of 219ART‐ and 256 age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched women with spontaneous conception screened for GDM. The primary outcome was to evaluate GDM prevalence in ART women. Results There were no differences in age, BMI, and family history of diabetes in the two groups of women. ART‐women were more frequently primiparous, whereas the prevalence of previous GDM was higher in SC‐women. The prevalence of GDM in the whole cohort was 36.1% and was higher in ART‐women (52.3% vs. 23.4%; p < 0.0001). In the whole cohort, on multivariate analysis, family history of diabetes (OR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.03–2.69), previous GDM (OR 7.05; 95% CI: 2.92–17.04), pre‐pregnancy obesity (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.21–6.13), and ART (OR 4.14; 95% CI 2.65–6.48) were independent risk factors for GDM. Among ART‐women, age over 40 years was associated with GDM. Preterm delivery was more common in ART‐women; gestational week at delivery, birth weight, ponderal index, and Apgar score were lower in ART‐women than in SC‐women, both in the whole cohort and in GDM women. Conclusions Among women undergoing ART treatment, at least one in two develops GDM. ART appears to be an independent risk factor for GDM in single pregnancies, particularly above the age of 40. ART treatment seems to be associated with an increased rate of preterm delivery and lower neonatal birth weight and Apgar score, especially in GDM women. Clinical Trial Registration The study was not registered as it is an observational retrospective evaluation.

Association Between Maternal Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…The rise in diabetes cases in recent years emphasizes the importance of paying attention to this issue, especially in Asia. Furthermore, Bar-Zeev et al and Bianchi et al found that smoking and assisted reproductive technology were risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus, which is consistent with the results of our study ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a propensity score matching cohort study

“…Embryonic factors may stem from the manipulation of embryos during the IVF/ICSI procedure, potentially altering their subsequent development. On the other hand, maternal factors may comprise underlying infertility, advanced age, and the utilization of ovarian stimulation drugs, all of which may contribute to the disparities observed in neonatal outcomes ( 11 , 31 , 32 ). Moreover, it is essential to emphasize an additional pivotal aspect: the augmented significance attributed to embryos acquired through IVF/ICSI by patients.…”

“…Lei et al ( 10 ) discovered a significant correlation between ART and an elevated occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, in contrast to pregnancies resulting from natural conception. Bianchi et al’s study revealed that gestational diabetes occurs in approximately 50% of women undergoing ART treatment ( 11 ). Conversely, other studies have not identified any noteworthy disparities between IVF/ICSI and NP ( 12 – 14 ).…”