Associated factors of secondary sex ratio of offspring in assisted reproductive technology: a cross-sectional study in Jilin Province, China

Wang, Mohan; Liu, Xiangyin; Zhang, Han; Li, Leilei; Zhang, Hongguo; Yang, Yu

doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03373-1

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results are similar to those from a previous population-based study [16]. Our data showed that maternal age was associated with SSR (P < 0.10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Blastocyst Quality on Human Sex Ratio at Birth in Single Blastocyst Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle

Mao

Zeng

Meng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether blastocyst quality affect on sex ratio at birth through in single blastocyst frozen thawed embryo transfer cycle.Materials and MethodsWe ran this retrospective study on 4205 singleton infants born following single blastocyst frozen thawed embryo transfer from January 2016 to October 2020 at a single institution. We compared the sex ratios of these infants with respect to blastocyst quality, embryo growth rate and morphology.ResultsThe main outcomes of this study were that the sex ratio at birth of single blastocyst frozen thawed embryo transfer babies was 56.67% which was higher than the normal level (51.22%). The sex ratio of mothers older than 40 years was significantly lower than that of mothers younger than 40 years (0.39vs1.3, P<0.05). Transplanting good quality blastocysts significantly increased the proportion of boys (1.35vs0.94, P<0.05). Transplanting grade 5 and 6 blastocysts significantly increased the proportion of male babies born compared with grade 3 and 4 blastocysts (1.91vs1.28, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the sex ratio with respect to the inner cell mass (ICM) score. In addition, the higher the trophectoderm (TE) score, the higher the sex ratio (2.79vs1.18vs0.91, P<0.05).ConclusionsOur study indicated that blastocyst quality, especially trophoblastic cell score, had a significant effect on sex ratio.

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“…Our results are similar to those from a previous population-based study [16]. Our data showed that maternal age was associated with SSR (P < 0.10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Blastocyst Quality on Human Sex Ratio at Birth in Single Blastocyst Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle

Mao

Zeng

Meng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Most previous studies have found that ICSI caused a reduction in male births following ART [13,14,[25][26][27][28][29]. For example, Dean et al [14] reported fewer male births in the ICSI group than in the IVF group (50.0% vs. 53.0%, P = 0.001), and our study agreed with this nding.…”

Section: Effect Of the Insemination Methods On The Ssr In Ivf/icsibor...supporting

confidence: 90%

Related factors leading to sex ratio differences at birth in assisted reproductive technology pregnancies: A retrospective cohort study

Gong

Huang

Luo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background This study aimed to determine the effect of in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and individual factors on the sex ratio of offspring at birth in China.Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed 6,700 infants (singletons and twins) who were born between December 2016 and December 2019 after fresh embryo transfer. The primary outcome measured was the secondary sex ratio (SSR) among live births.Results A total of 4,892 infants were born after cleavage-stage embryo transfer, and 1,808 infants were born after blastocyst-stage embryo transfer. The SSR for IVF was significantly higher than that for ICSI (SSR = 113 :100 vs. 92:100, P < 0.05). Male infertility significantly decreased the proportion of male offspring compared with non-male infertility. Multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for confounders revealed that neither the fertilization procedure nor the infertility cause had a significant effect on the SSR. The SSR of blastocyst-stage embryo transfer was higher than that of cleavage-stage embryo transfer, but the difference was not significant.Conclusions The live birth sex ratio in babies conceived using assisted reproductive technology was influenced by ICSI and male infertility, which may decrease the percentage of male offspring. Therefore, clinics should be aware of the gender bias when carrying out IVF / ICSI assisted pregnancies.

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“…Previous studies have explored the effect of the IVF/ICSI insemination method on sex ratio. [28] ICSI, which is primarily used to treat male factor infertility, is now widely used all over the world. Data from other countries have shown that ICSI use significantly reduces the proportion of male babies compared with IVF (48.8% versus 51.4% in America; 50.0% vs 53.0% in Australia and New Zealand) [15,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between blastocyst morphology and the sex ratio of singleton births in single blastocyst transfer cycles: A retrospective cohort study

Guan

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: To study the relationship between blastocyst morphology and the sex ratio of singleton births in single blastocyst transfer cylces. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included women who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) from January 2017 to December 2019 and obtained a single live baby following a single blastocyst transfer. The sex ratio which influenced by many possible factors were studied. Age-stratified analysis was performed for the maternal and paternal groups younger and older than 35 years. The 3108 cycles included here were grouped by sex at birth (male: 1777 cycles and female: 1331 cycles). Blastocysts were conceived via 2834 IVF and 274 ICSI treatments, and were used for 1054 fresh ET cycles and 2054 frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Results: Sex ratio among singleton of poor blastocyst decreased significantly compared to those of good blastocyst (51.5% vs 60%, P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that high-quality blastocysts had a 151% higher probability of being male singleton than poor-quality blastocysts (P<0.001). Further stratified analysis shows that in both group younger than 35 the sex ratio increased significantly in grades A and/or B trophectoderm (P<0.001) and good-quality blastocysts (P<0.001). While grade A inner cell mass (ICM) degree was significantly associated with a lower sex ratio than grade B (P<0.05). Conclusions: A single high-quality blastocyst transfer was significantly associated with a higher neonatal sex ratio. Grade A trophectoderm and grade B ICM contributed to improving the implantation potential of male blastocysts, especially in infertile men or women ≤ 35 years old.

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Associated factors of secondary sex ratio of offspring in assisted reproductive technology: a cross-sectional study in Jilin Province, China

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Blastocyst Quality on Human Sex Ratio at Birth in Single Blastocyst Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle

Effect of Blastocyst Quality on Human Sex Ratio at Birth in Single Blastocyst Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle

Related factors leading to sex ratio differences at birth in assisted reproductive technology pregnancies: A retrospective cohort study

The relationship between blastocyst morphology and the sex ratio of singleton births in single blastocyst transfer cycles: A retrospective cohort study

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