Associated Paralyses of the Vocal Cord

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Account of the Cranial Nerve Lesions Found in 185 Cases

“…Mekie (1949) described a case where tuniour had penetrated the occipito-atlantoid ligament and spread into the extradural space and thus involved the cranial nerves. Burger (1934) has shown that the ninth, tenth and twelfth sympathetic nerves may be involved in the parapharyngeal space, the space enclosed by the constrictor muscle3 medially, the transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae posteriorly and the ascending ramus of mandible and parotid gland laterally.…”

“…Burger (1934) has emphasized the weakness of classifying the lesions by such a method as one syndrome may progress to another in a short period of time due to the involvement of further nerves.…”

The Semon Lectures and the foundation of modern ENT

“…Negus supported this Law, and in his 1930 lecture, he used comparative anatomy and physiology to show how the Law worked in practice and why it should be upheld. 21 Just three years later, Burger gave his Semon Lecture disproving the Law, drawing results from several different researchers on the topic, 22 followed up in 1957 by Capps, who also highlighted various issues with the Law. 8 Recent publications have again addressed this issue and outlined what seems to be the definitive explanation of the anatomical innervation and nerve supply to the larynx (Figure 4).…”