Association among urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and depression: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015–2016

Rahman, Humairat H; Niemann, Danielle; Munson-McGee, Stuart H.

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16692-3

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In an in vivo screening study to determine the neurological hazards of NO 2 using Wistar rats, researchers found that NO 2 also induced oxidative stress in the brain . It is also possible that the harmful associations we observed with NO 2 are attributed to other highly correlated air pollutants with similar emission sources, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which were previously found to be associated with neurotoxicity . On the other hand, although the evidence is much less established, ambient ozone exposure has also been observed to be adversely associated with an increased risk of mental illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“… 38 It is also possible that the harmful associations we observed with NO 2 are attributed to other highly correlated air pollutants with similar emission sources, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which were previously found to be associated with neurotoxicity. 39 , 40 , 41 On the other hand, although the evidence is much less established, ambient ozone exposure has also been observed to be adversely associated with an increased risk of mental illness. Researchers found that chronic ozone inhalation was associated with memory impairment and anxiety-like and depression-like outcomes in a rodent translational model of neurobiological oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US

et al. 2023

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ImportanceEmerging evidence has suggested harmful associations of air pollutants with neurodegenerative diseases among older adults. However, little is known about outcomes regarding late-life mental disorders, such as geriatric depression.ObjectiveTo investigate if long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis among older adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based longitudinal cohort study consisted of US Medicare enrollees older than 64 years. Data were obtained from the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Conditions Warehouse. The participants were continuously enrolled in the Fee-for-Service program and both Medicare Part A and Part B. After the 5-year washout period at entry, a total of 8 907 422 unique individuals were covered over the study period of 2005 to 2016, who contributed to 1 526 690 late-onset depression diagnoses. Data analyses were performed between March 2022 and November 2022.ExposuresThe exposures consisted of residential long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), measured in micrograms per cubic meter; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), measured in parts per billion; and ozone (O3), measured in parts per billion.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLate-life depression diagnoses were identified via information from all available Medicare claims (ie, hospital inpatient, skilled nursing facility, home health agency, hospital outpatient, and physician visits). Date of the first occurrence was obtained. Hazard ratios and percentage change in risk were estimated via stratified Cox proportional hazards models accounting for climate coexposures, neighborhood greenness, socioeconomic conditions, health care access, and urbanicity level.ResultsA total of 8 907 422 Medicare enrollees were included in this study with 56.8% being female individuals and 90.2% being White individuals. The mean (SD) age at entry (after washout period) was 73.7 (4.8) years. Each 5-unit increase in long-term mean exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 was associated with an adjusted percentage increase in depression risk of 0.91% (95% CI, 0.02%-1.81%), 0.61% (95% CI, 0.31%- 0.92%), and 2.13% (95% CI, 1.63%-2.64%), respectively, based on a tripollutant model. Effect size heterogeneity was found among subpopulations by comorbidity condition and neighborhood contextual backgrounds.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study among US Medicare enrollees, harmful associations were observed between long-term exposure to air pollution and increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, evidence suggested that individuals with long‐duration cooking exposed to high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission from cooking oil fumes, 40 which was identified as certain carcinogens (IARC Group 1). Two previous studies have shown that urine PAHs were positively associated with depressive symptoms 41,42 . The result suggested that cooking duration should also be considered as an indicator of cooking‐related pollution besides cooking fuel type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Two previous studies have shown that urine PAHs were positively associated with depressive symptoms. 41,42 The result suggested that cooking duration should also be considered as an indicator of cooking-related pollution besides cooking fuel type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect modification of kitchen ventilation on the associations of solid fuel use and long‐duration cooking with the increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms: The Henan Rural Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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Although solid fuel use for cooking is linked to an increased risk for depression, there is limited evidence on the effects of cooking duration and kitchen ventilation on these associations in rural areas. Among 29 903 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort, the independent and combined associations of cooking fuel type, cooking duration, and kitchen ventilation with depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined by logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of solid fuel use for depressive and anxiety symptoms were 1.237 (1.041, 1.469) and 1.384 (1.153, 1.662), respectively. Increased cooking duration was associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.033, 1.166) and anxiety symptoms (aOR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.144). Solid fuel use and long‐duration cooking associated with increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were only observed in individuals without kitchen ventilation. Kitchen ventilation may attenuate the positive associations of solid fuel use and long‐duration cooking with the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, which suggested popularizing clean fuel and promoting kitchen ventilation may be effective strategies to improve mental health related to household air pollution sourced from solid fuel use and long‐duration cooking.

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“…Furthermore, recent biomonitoring data has revealed positive associations between urinary concentrations of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 42 (a class of chemicals commonly released in fires and found on firefighters' PPE, workplaces etc.) and mental health disorders (such as depression) [43][44][45] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health of UK firefighters

Wolffe

Robinson

Clinton

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Exposure to trauma, high-stress situations, and disrupted sleep are well known risk factors affecting firefighters’ mental health. Little is known about the association between firefighters’ exposure to fire contaminants and mental health disorders. The UK Firefighter Contamination Survey assessed firefighters’ health and capacity for occupational exposure to contaminants. Participants were invited to anonymously complete its 64 questions online. Logistic regression analyses assessed the associations between self-reported mental health disorders and proxies of contaminant exposure. Results found that firefighters who notice soot in their nose/throat for more than a day after attending fires (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.8, 1.4–2.4), and those who remain in their personal protective equipment (PPE) for over 4 h after fires (OR = 1.9, 1.2–3.1), were nearly twice as likely to report mental health disorders. Significantly increased odds ratios for all three outcomes of interest (anxiety, depression and/or any mental health disorders) were also found among firefighters who take PPE home to clean. Sleeping problems were reported by 61% of firefighters. These firefighters were 4.2 times more likely to report any mental health disorder (OR = 4.2, 3.7–4.9), 2.9 times more likely to report anxiety (OR = 2.9, 2.4–3.5) and 2.3 times more likely to report depression (OR = 2.3, 1.9–2.8) when compared to firefighters who did not report sleep issues. Effective decontamination measures within UK Fire and Rescue Services, together with firefighters’ wellness, may play a crucial role in protecting firefighters’ mental health.

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Association among urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and depression: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015–2016

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US

Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US

Effect modification of kitchen ventilation on the associations of solid fuel use and long‐duration cooking with the increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms: The Henan Rural Cohort Study

Mental health of UK firefighters

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