Association analyses of oxidative stress, aerobic capacity, daily physical activity, and body composition parameters in patients with mild to moderate COPD

Abstract

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the most common chronic diseases, is a major cause of morbidity. Oxidative stress is a situation of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants (1). Today, habitual smoking is the most significant threat to the world's population (2). The development of COPD is mainly associated with tobacco or biomass smoke-induced oxidative stress. Smokers are exposed to thousands of reactive chemicals and trillions of radicals and particles with every cigarette; thus, the molecular reactive oxygen, activity of radicals, and nitrogen species can, over time, lead to a number of detrimental changes in the lungs (3). Oxidative stress is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of COPD.Maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) is considered the gold standard for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness (physical functional capacity) (4). Daily physical activity is the actual level of physical performance that one adopts in daily living. It is not synonymous with physical functional capacity, which can be defined as the maximal performance potential of an individual (5). Aerobic exercise limitation is a common and disturbing manifestation of COPD and is often caused by multiple interrelated physiologic and anatomic disturbances (6). Nevertheless, a hypothesis was proposed that individuals with higher current aerobic function will have greater antioxidant and metabolic capacities to deal with the stresses associated with life, including environmental stresses such as chronic cigarette smoke exposure (3).Patients with COPD show high prevalences of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (7,8). Obesity and COPD are common and disabling chronic health conditions. A relationship between obesity and COPD is increasingly recognized, although the nature of this association remains unknown (9). Uygur et al. also found that body fat percentage and total body fat were negatively correlated at a strong level with aerobic capacity Background/aim: To investigate total oxidant and antioxidant status, maximal aerobic capacity, daily physical activity, pulmonary functions, and body composition changes, as well as the associations among these parameters, in patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) versus healthy controls. Materials and methods:The study included 30 male patients newly diagnosed with COPD and 30 body mass index-matched, nonsmoker male controls. Maximal aerobic capacity, daily physical activity, total oxidant and antioxidant status, pulmonary function tests, body composition, and anthropometric parameters were measured.Results: Maximal aerobic capacity and total antioxidant values were lower in patients with COPD compared to the controls. The total oxidant value, body fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio were higher in patients with COPD than in the healthy controls. There was a moderately negative correlation between the total oxidant value and the maximal aerobic capacity, while there was a moderatel...

Do male and female patients with chronic neck pain really have different health‐related physical fitness, depression, anxiety and quality of life parameters?

“…The data were analyzed using the manufacturer's software, and body fat percentage and lean body mass were determined for each patient . Waist and hip circumference measurements were taken at anatomical positions with a 7 mm wide tape measure . The waist/hip ratio was also calculated.…”

Lung Function in Adults: Relationship between Time Practice of Physical Activity and Nutritional Status

“…Fat deposits between muscles and other body structures may mechanically affect diaphragm expansion, and may also decrease lung and chest wall compliance. culminating with a decrease in lung volume and overload on inspiratory muscles (Genc, et al, 2014;Melo, de Melo, de Menezes Filho, & Santos, 2011;Paulo, et al, 2015;Ribeiro, Araújo, SouzaMachado, & Ribeiro, 2007;Thakker, 2014).…”

“…For that reason, it is considered a functional test that allows from standard protocol to measure pulmonary volumes, capacities and flows, thus evaluating the existence or not of respiratory pathologies of restraining, obstructive or mixed order (Costa, 2011;Jagia & Hegde, 2014;Pereira et al, 2002;Teixeira, et al, 2012;Trindade, de Sousa, & Albuquerque, 2015) Clinical evaluation studies on lung function have shown that people with a regular physical activity level get better results in pulmonary function tests when compared to sedentary people (Durmic et al, 2015;Humphreys, McLeod, & Ruseski, 2014;Paulo et al, 2015). Moreover, regarding nutritional status, individuals with extreme nutritional imbalance -with body mass index (BMI) indicating low weight and obesity, tend to be more prone to develop respiratory diseases when compared to those with normal BMI (Genc et al, 2014;Humphreys, et al, 2014;Liu, Roberts, Moyer-Mileur, & Samson-Fang, 2005;Paulo, et al, 2015;Thakker, 2014). Studies show that when affected by a respiratory disease the individuals need to include exercise in their routines and keep their BMI within the normal range due to its positive impact on maintenance, treatment and prevention of comorbidities (Demeyer et al, 2014;Fenger et al, 2014;Pakhale, Baron, Dent, Vandemheen, & Aaron, 2015).…”

Evaluation of daily energy expenditure and health-related physical fitness parameters in patients with cholelithiasis

“…The participants were instructed to avoid eating or drinking within 4 h, using diuretics within 7 days, participating in strenuous exercise for 24 h, and consuming alcohol for 48 h before the test procedure. The data were analyzed using the manufacturer's software, and body fat percentage, total body fat, and lean body mass were determined for each patient [17].…”

“…The basic premise of the bioelectrical impedance analysis procedure is that the volume of fat-free tissue in the body is proportional to the electrical conductivity of the body [16]. Some precautions were taken before the measurements [16,17]. The participants were instructed to avoid eating or drinking within 4 h, using diuretics within 7 days, participating in strenuous exercise for 24 h, and consuming alcohol for 48 h before the test procedure.…”