Association and Gelation of Polystyrenes via Terminal Sulfonate Groups

Möller, Martin; Omeis, Jürgen; Mühleisen, E.

doi:10.1021/bk-1987-0350.ch007

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Once again, no dramatic increases in viscosity were observed for the telechelic ionomers, as has been reported for hydrocarbon-based telechelic ionomers used to thicken organic solvents . The ability of the polymer and the ionomer to enhance the viscosity was greatly diminished as the molecular weight decreased to 20 000.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This increase was quite modest compared to that attained with fluoroacrylate−styrene copolymers . Once again, no dramatic increases in viscosity were observed for the telechelic ionomers, as has been reported for hydrocarbon-based telechelic ionomers used to thicken organic solvents .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…21 Once again, no dramatic increases in viscosity were observed for the telechelic ionomers, as has been reported for hydrocarbon-based telechelic ionomers used to thicken organic solvents. 28 For example, nonfunctionalized polystyrene, MW ) 80 000, increased the viscosity of cumene by a factor greater than 10 at a concentrations of several weight percent, and a polystyrene disulfonate of equivalent molecular weight increased the viscosity by a factor of 100 or more at the same concentrations. 28 The ability of the polymer and the ionomer to enhance the viscosity was greatly diminished as the molecular weight decreased to 20 000.…”

Section: Semimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-Fluorinated Trialkyltin Fluorides and Fluorinated Telechelic Ionomers as Viscosity-Enhancing Agents for Carbon Dioxide

Shi

Huang

Beckman

et al. 2001

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Direct thickeners for dense carbon dioxide were designed and synthesized. Each thickener contained “CO2-philic” fluorinated groups to impart solubility in carbon dioxide and “CO2-phobic” functionalities to promote intermolecular associations for viscosity enhancement. Semi-fluorinated trialkyltin fluorides and fluorinated telechelic ionomers were soluble to at least several weight percent in dense liquid carbon dioxide without the use of a cosolvent. Increases in solution viscosity at 297 K were measured using falling cylinder viscometry. The viscosity of liquid carbon dioxide was increased by a factor of 2−3 at thickener concentrations of 2−4 wt %. These results demonstrate that carbon dioxide viscosity enhancement is possible without the need for a cosolvent through the design of compounds with the appropriate balance of CO2-philic groups for solubility and CO2-phobic associating groups for macromolecular, viscosity-enhancing interactions. Neither compound, however, was as effective as the (29% styrene−71% fluoroacrylate) copolymer we recently developed. More substantial increases in solution viscosity were not attained with the semi-fluorinated trialkyltin fluoride because the fluorinated alkyl chains disrupted the associations that formed viscosity-enhancing, weakly associating, linear polymers. The viscosity increases obtained with the telechelic ionomer were also less than expected because of the relatively low molecular weight of the carbon-dioxide-soluble ionomers. Higher-molecular-weight ionomers would not be CO2-soluble, however.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Semimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-Fluorinated Trialkyltin Fluorides and Fluorinated Telechelic Ionomers as Viscosity-Enhancing Agents for Carbon Dioxide

Shi

Huang

Beckman

et al. 2001

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Over the past few years there has been an increasing interest in determining the structure−properties relationships for ion-containing polymers. , To date, many studies have dealt with the solution and solid state properties of random ionomers − (polymers with nonpolar macromolecular chains bearing 1−10 mol % ionic groups, randomly distributed), block ionomers , (consisting of a neutral block and an ionomer block), ionic block copolymers − (made up of a nonpolar block and a polyelectrolyte block), and end-functionalized homopolymers − (nonpolar macromolecules with polar end groups, a limiting case of ionomers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micellization of ω-Functionalized Poly(styrene-b-isoprene) Copolymers in n-Decane

et al. 1996

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Results are presented from static low-angle and dynamic light scattering as well as viscometry experiments for ω-functionalized diblock copolymers of styrene and isoprene in n-decane, a nonpolar selective solvent for the polyisoprene block. The copolymers have dimethylamino and sulfobetaine zwitterionic groups at the end of the polystyrene block. The amine-capped copolymers show moderate aggregation in n-decane. Aggregation numbers for the zwitterionic copolymers are larger relative to the amine precursors. There is an enhancement in the degree of association arising from the presence of the highly polar group at the end of the insoluble block. Some differences in the size, shape, and hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of the micelles formed by the different species, reflecting the nature of the end group, are identified by comparing the results from the various techniques used.

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“…Chain-end-functionalized polymers such as telechelic and semitelechelic polymers and macromonomers are industrially important prepolymers for the preparation of multiblock copolymers, graft copolymers, and cross-linked polymers with network structures . Recently, it has been demonstrated that the intentional addition of special functional groups into polymer chain end can profoundly influence the solution, interfacial, and surface structures and properties of the resulting polymers. − Although almost all chain-end-functionalized polymers currently utilized have usually one functional group per each chain end, little attention has been, however, paid to the synthesis and application of chain-end-functionalized polymers with multifunctional or even two functional groups, which are expected to more dramtically influence aggregated and surface structures and properities of the polymers. Moreover, such multifunctionalized polymers are of more interest as building blocks for polymers with complex architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Defined Chain-End- and In-Chain-Functionalized Polystyrenes with a Definite Number of d-Glucose and/or d-Galactose

Loykulnant

Hirao

2001

Macromolecules

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The synthetic methodologies for various well-defined chain-end-and in-chain-functionalized polystyrenes with a definite number of D-glucose and/or D-galactose residues have been described. They are based on diverse modes of addition reactions of polystyryllithium with substituted 1,1-diphenylethylene derivatives with acetal-protected R-D-glucofuranose and R-D-galactopyranose residues, followed by deprotection. By employing these methodologies, chain-end-functionalized polystyrenes with 4, 6, and 8 D-glucose and/or D-galactose residues and in-chain-functionalized polystyrenes with 2, 4, 8, and 12 D-glucose residues were synthesized. These polymers all were precisely controlled with regard to molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of functionalization, and functionalized position in a chain. Such functionalized polymers with monosaccharide residues aggregated possibly to form reversed micelles in cyclohexane at 39 °C. It was observed that the aggregation number increased as increasing with the number of monosaccharide residue of both chain-end-and in-chain-functionalized polymers.

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Association and Gelation of Polystyrenes via Terminal Sulfonate Groups

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Semi-Fluorinated Trialkyltin Fluorides and Fluorinated Telechelic Ionomers as Viscosity-Enhancing Agents for Carbon Dioxide

Semi-Fluorinated Trialkyltin Fluorides and Fluorinated Telechelic Ionomers as Viscosity-Enhancing Agents for Carbon Dioxide

Micellization of ω-Functionalized Poly(styrene-b-isoprene) Copolymers in n-Decane

Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Defined Chain-End- and In-Chain-Functionalized Polystyrenes with a Definite Number of d-Glucose and/or d-Galactose

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